Figure 1
See Chapter VIII. Making Seams and Joints. The stop-cock and pipe conveying oxygen, and fitting inside the larger tube h h., to which is attached a stop-cock, h., connected with the hydrogen receiver.
In making corner joints one or both edges of the sheet should be bent over as pictured at E when they can be soldered, riveted or bolted together; or a grooved seam can be made as shown at F if the metal is thin enough. Different metals require fluxes of different kinds. When soldering bright new tinware use powdered resin for the flux, but if the parts are old then scrape and clean them well and use a flux of zinc chloride solution.
Attach the four braces for the feet with finishing nails after applying a good coat of glue.
As it has been well proved that tasteless food is less easily or thoroughly digested than food which has a good flavour, owing, probably, to the fact that high-flavoured food stimulates the flow of digestive juices, the advantage lies in this respect also with hay-box food over much of the ordinary food served. The horizontal bars are fastened to the vertical pieces with rivets using washers on both sides. The holes are bored a little large so as to make a slightly loose joint. The bearing of fireless cookery upon the servant-problem might well fill a chapter by itself. Any woman who uses this device for a year can become eloquent upon this subject.
The other ends of the bars are fastened to the center post with round head screws. They are fastened, as shown in the cross-section sketch, so it can be folded up. Contributed by Herman Fosel, Janesville, Wis.
When an electric current passes over a wire, a magnetic field is formed around the wire; and when several turns of insulated wire are wrapped about a soft iron core, the magnetic fields of all the turns of the coil, or helix, combine, forming a very strong magnetic field which strongly magnetizes the iron core. As I have said before, this magnet loses its magnetic influence the instant the current ceases to pass through the surrounding coil of wire. You will need a machine-bolt or carriage-bolt 2½ or 3 inches long, and ¼ inch in diameter, for the core of the magnet, some insulated electric-bell wire for the coil, and a piece of heavy cardboard. How the Electro-magnet is Connected up.
Before starting to wind the insulated wire upon the bolt, pierce two holes through the inner cardboard washer of the two at the nut end. Then stick the end of the wire through one of these holes, and pull a length of 4 or 5 inches of the wire out between the two washers. We shall save her wages, her food, her room, and her waste, and have more to spend in ways that bring a more satisfactory return.
Serve it warm, but not hot.
Make perforations in the top of the jar with a nail and tack two strips of wood across the top crosswise to raise the jar from the saucer or plate. This allows the water to flow freely from the jar as fast as the chickens can drink it from the saucer, and the covered jar keeps the drinking water clean. This, with windows cut in the sides of the tub, gives a better ventilation for the chickens. A door through which the chickens enter is cut in the front. Outside of the brooder and on one end of the platform is a simple watering device supplying the chickens with fresh water.
The steel scraper is to be used for finishing after the piece has been made as smooth as is possible with the spokeshave.
The beet must not be touched at all with any thing rough, for if the skin or root is cut or broken, all the color goes away in boiling, it is not fit to decorate, and loses much of its quality. Wash and core sour apples of uniform size. To do this, turn the wooden frame upon its edge and place the spool over the nail, being careful to get the nail in the exact center of the hole. When the hole has been partially filled, allow the wax to harden a little, and then press it down around the nail with the end of a match, being careful not to throw the spool out of center by doing so.
In such a case it will probably be necessary to have some device, perhaps ice-tongs, for removing the stones, as the metal handles might in time become burned off, bent, or weakened so as to be unsafe. Small soapstone griddles or foot-warmers make excellent slabs for the home-made insulated oven. Griddles are on the market that are as small as twelve inches in diameter, and foot-warmers come in many sizes. Those measuring eight by ten inches will be about as large as most women can easily handle, since they are thicker than the griddles, and are very heavy for their size. It will not be difficult to get an extra handle fitted to these, which will make them less awkward to manage.
If in this way you can secure eight glasses tuned exactly to an octave, then you have the wherewithal to produce tunes. A Fleet of Nutshell Boats floating on a bowl of water makes a very pretty little picture—nor are these little crafts at all difficult to make. For the hull a nice evenly-shaped walnut shell is required: this should be cleaned out, trimmed with a sharp knife, and scrubbed with a stiff brush. The coins should be laid in a row on the table and whatever note you want to ring out pick up the coin which will produce it, hold it as shown at B, and give it a little spin. You can soon learn to spin them with either hand and keep two or more of them going at the same time, when you will have that agreeable combination of tones that is known in music as harmony.
Be that as it may, get eight tomato cans, soak the labels off carefully and keep them. Then put the fish in with from six to twelve mushrooms, broth enough to cover the whole, if the broth and wine already in do not cover it; boil gently for about half an hour, or till the fish is cooked, tossing the saucepan now and then; dish the fish; place the mushrooms and onions all over; sprinkle the sauce over it through a strainer, and serve warm. Croutons may be served around.
Prepare and cut the fish as for the above, but instead of frying it put it in a saucepan, into which you have put previously about half a dozen sprigs of parsley, two of thyme, two bay-leaves, two cloves of garlic, twelve small onions, two cloves, salt, and pepper; when the fish is placed over the above seasonings, cover entirely with claret wine. Set the saucepan on a sharp fire, and, as soon as it boils, throw into it a glass of French brandy, set it on fire, and let it burn.
For the mast a match stick will suffice. To keep this in position glue two match sticks right across the widest part of the hull—one on each side of the mast—and then put a daub of glue at the bottom of the hull and others where the cross-bars touch the mast. The sail consists merely of a piece of paper with two holes through which the mast passes. One other toy which has always been deservedly popular is.
If you are skilful with your pocket knife you can cut out a representation of the animal from a lump of wood, and paint it to make it more realistic. If, however, you have not the requisite skill, you can still construct the toy by using a walnut shell in place of the carved model. The sum of the 4th and 5th 31 5.
The electrical current passes back again into the zinc at the points of its contact with the platinum, and thus a continued current is kept up, and hence it is called a galvanic circle. Dissolve a single grain of copper in about one dram of nitric acid, and dilute the solution with about one ounce of water, when it will be evident that a single drop of the mixture must contain an almost immeasurably small portion of copper. The moment the circuit is broken by separating the wires, the current ceases, but is again renewed by making them touch either in or out of the water. In some kinds of dovetailing, such as the half-blind dovetail, the mortises are made first and the tenons marked out from them by superposition.
These lines will be at a distance from the ends equal to the respective thicknesses of the pieces. Yet, if the blade of a knife be dipped into it, it will become covered with a coat of copper; thus showing that the copper can be infinitely divided without any alteration in its properties.
The next branch of the science of Electricity is GALVANISM., or, as it is sometimes called, Voltaic Electricity; it is obtained through the simple contact of different conducting bodies with each other. It was first discovered at Bologna, in the year 1791, by the lady of Louis Galvani, an Italian philosopher of great merit, and professor of anatomy; from whom, indeed, the science received its name. If a small quantity of sulphuric acid be added to the water, the phenomenon will be more apparent.
Determine the number of tenons wanted and square center lines across the end of the member which is to have the tenons.
Mark the flares on either side of the center lines. Place the bevel so that the wide side of the tenon shall be formed on the face side of the piece. His wife being possessed of a penetrating understanding, and passionately loving him, took a lively interest in the science which so much occupied his attention. At the time the incident we are about to narrate took place, she was in a declining state of health, and taking soup made of frogs, by way of restorative. Some of these animals, skinned for the purpose, happened to be lying on the table of Galvani's laboratory, where also stood an electrical machine, when the point of a knife was unintentionally brought into contact with the nerves of one of the frog's legs, which lay close to the conductor of the machine, and immediately the muscles of the limb were violently agitated.
Insist on perfect work in relatively unimportant products; send back for refinishing those which have the least flaw. Approve other defective parts whose flaws are not visible to the naked eye. Make mistakes in routing so that parts and materials will be sent to the wrong place in the plant.
When training new workers, give incomplete or misleading instructions. To lower morale and with it, production, be pleasant to inefficient workers; give them undeserved promotions.
If desired, split-wood handles may be placed on the cranks, to prevent them from rubbing the hands. A two foot rule; the end a. The stick held perpendicularly.
The angle a b c. Multiply paper work in plausible ways. Multiply the procedures and clearances involved in issuing instructions, pay checks, and so on.
See that three people have to approve everything where one would do. Apply all regulations to the last letter. Make mistakes in quantities of material when you are copying orders. Air begins to be very bad when the oxygen is reduced to 20.60 parts in 100. Prolong correspondence with government bureaus.
Fasten the ends to the canopy uprights with tacks. The Seat-arms are pieces of bent wire, with their ends stuck into holes in the canopy uprights and front edge of the seat. The Steering-wheel is a section of a spool 1/8 inch thick, and is glued upon the end of a pencil or a stick.
The tenon, after being worked the full width, is gaged from the face edge to a width equal to the length of the mortise and worked to that size. Especial care must be taken in gluing up the frame that no glue shall get into the grooves or on the edges of the panel. 184 shows a corner of a frame rabbeted to receive a glass. Rabbets are best worked with either a rabbet plane or the combination plane. When done, dish the fish carefully, place the mushrooms all over it, the onions all around, strain the sauce over the whole, and serve warm. Croutons may also be served with the rest; put around the fish one crouton, then an onion, and so on, all around.
Serves five or six persons. To test the temperature of fat for fish balls, drop a cube of stale bread into the fat. If it grows a rich brown in forty seconds the fat is of the right temperature. Dredge the meat with the flour, brown it and the onions in a frying-pan with any fat suitable for cooking. Put all the ingredients into a cooker-pail, barely cover them with boiling water, and let the stew boil five minutes before putting it into a cooker for four hours or more.
The legs are made of four pieces of sheet steel bent on an angle as indicated in the drawing. Serves six or eight persons. Put all the ingredients together, scraping from the frying-pan all of the flour and fat. Add enough water to barely cover them, let them boil for five minutes, and put them into the cooker for six hours or more, depending upon the beans. If they are old and tough they may require more than six hours to cook.
In Syria this stew is always served with boiled or steamed rice. If fat is too hot, fried food is injured in flavour and digestibility; if not hot enough the food will be greasy.
If fish balls fall apart in the frying, it is because the fish and potatoes were not well dried before adding the other ingredients. Serves four or six persons. Salt Fish Soufflé 1 cup salt codfish 1 heaping pt. When drained and dried, add the butter, milk, pepper, and yolks of eggs; then the whites, beaten stiff.
Serves eight or ten persons. This is tacked on the underside of the frame of the trays. By referring to the drawing it will be observed that the bottom tray is shoved back as far as it will go; the next tray above is pulled as far front as the door will admit; the next tray is shoved back and so on with each tray shoving one to the back and pulling the other to the front. But you can do a very good job of casting pewter by making and using plaster of Paris molds.
Charcoal is a disinfectant, and is used for respirators; it has even been recommended medically, and charcoal lozenges can be bought at various chemists' shops. Rub the fish and butter together, add the other ingredients, and put all into a buttered one-quart bread-mould or water-tight empty coffee or baking-powder can. Set the mould in enough cold water to reach two-thirds of the way up its sides. Let this come to a boil, boil fifteen minutes and put into the cooker for one hour. It will not be injured by remaining in the hay-box two hours. Or set the mould into boiling water, boil one-half hour, and put into the cooker for an hour.
Two adjoining rooms might have their looking-glasses arranged in that manner, provided there is a passage running behind them. A mirror at an angle of 45 degrees. The Shaft should be made of a hard wood stick about ¾ inch by 1½ inches by 30 inches in size. Cut the slot in the square end with a saw. The arrows show the direction of the reflected image.
The second mirror, also at an angle of 45 degrees; the face of the person looking in at a. One of the most startling effects that can be displayed to persons ignorant of the common laws of the reflection of light, is called the "magic mirror," and is described by Sir Walter Scott in his graphic story of that name.
Put it in a stone jar or pot, and keep it in a dry and cool place. To Operate a Toy Jumping-Jack, by supporting the jumping-Jack on a bracket, and connecting its string to the hub of the windmill. How the Jumping-Jack is Supported. Cover the jar when perfectly cold. The Malay tailless kite is probably the most practical kind ever invented. A long and somewhat narrow room should be hung with black cloth, and at one end may be placed a large mirror, so arranged that it will turn on hinges like a door.
How to Make Badges, etc. C, make these chisels. You can make it so by scraping it with a piece of glass. Only a knowledge of the food value of different dishes, combined with a good sense of taste and fitness, and some idea of the comparative wholesomeness of different methods of cooking, can produce a meal that is scientifically correct as well as pleasing to the palate.
Let this exposure be about twice the length of the first, and the desired result is obtained.
The smaller wheel, B, must be separated from the other with a round piece of wood or an old spool. The blades on the wheels should be bent opposite on one wheel from the others so as to make the wheels turn in different directions. How to Sink the Letters. Can be had of Hammacher, Schlemmer and Co., Fourth Ave. Mark the lines on the badge on which the letters are to be sunk with a very soft lead pencil, or, better, wax the surface all over by tapping it with your finger on which you have rubbed some white wax and then mark the lines with a sharp pointed piece of bone. Otherwise you will have trouble in getting the lines out. When turning, the buttons will strike the bells and make them ring constantly.
When a rump-piece is used to make broth, it is better to bone it first, and take it from the soup-kettle after three or four hours; it is served as a relevé, or prepared as cold beef. The broth is finished as directed; the bones and vegetables being kept on the fire longer than the meat. Chlorophyll gives to leaves and young bark their green color. It is much used for soup in the Southern States and in the West Indies. The roots of the trees are constantly drinking plant food in the daytime of spring and early summer.
When the tomatoes are cooked, serve warm. From midsummer until the end of summer the amount of moisture taken in is very small so that the flow of sap almost ceases. The leaves, however, are full of sap which, not being further thinned by the upward flow, becomes thickened thru the addition of carbonic acid gas and the loss of oxygen. Roast or bake till turning yellow, a chicken over two years old. Toward the end of summer this thickened sap sinks to the under side of the leaf and gradually flows out of the leaf and down thru the bast of the branch and trunk, where another process of digestion takes place.
Put it in a soup-kettle with three pints of water, and set it on a rather slow fire; skim off the scum, add a middling-sized onion, a leek, a few stalks of chervil if handy, a middling-sized head of lettuce, and salt; simmer about three hours. Take out the chicken and vegetables, skim off the fat, strain, and use. This broth is excellent for a weak stomach, and is easy of digestion. The chicken is served in salad. One part of this descending sap which has been partly digested in the leaves and partly in the living tissues of root, trunk and branch, spreads over the wood formed in the spring and forms the summer wood.
More or less onions may be used, according to taste.
The leaves upon losing their sap change color, wither and drop off. Procure a rather old turkey and roast or bake it till about one-third done; put it in a soup-kettle with about a pint of water to a pound of meat, and set it on a rather slow fire. By the end of autumn the downward flow of changed sap from the leaves is completed and the tree has prepared itself for the coming winter. As soon as the scum comes on the surface, skim it off carefully; then add two onions, two leeks, two or three heads of lettuce, a small handful of chervil if handy, and salt. Then add broth to taste, boil slowly till the pieces of tail are well done; add salt, pepper, and when handy add also three or four tomatoes whole; boil gently about fifteen minutes longer, turn into the soup-dish, and serve meat and all. Simmer about five hours. Use the broth as chicken-broth above, and serve the turkey in salad.
It is better to limit the attendance at such funerals to as few as possible. Every person should be vaccinated in infancy, again after puberty, and again within four days after exposure to small-pox.
Break the chocolate in pieces, put it in a tin saucepan with a tablespoonful of water to an ounce of chocolate, and set it on a rather slow fire. There are many methods of doing this chemically or by the application of heat, but we cannot by any mechanical process of concentration, compression, or division, persuade a substance to crystallize, unless perhaps we except that remarkable change in wrought or fibrous iron into crystalline or brittle iron, by constant vibration, as in the axles of a carriage, or by attaching a piece of fibrous iron to a tilt hammer. If we powder some alum crystals they will not again assume their crystalline form; if brought in contact there is no freedom of motion. The jug must be either a china or a metal one. If you wish to use the vanish of the glass of water in the way I have suggested—in conjunction with the rice bowls—it will be necessary to have an opera hat with a hinged flap in the centre.
This should be continued until all bran-like scaling of the skin is at an end. Particular attention should be paid to the disinfection of such discharges by the zinc or copperas solution. Excreta should be immediately disinfected.
The dimensions are: width, twenty-four inches; depth, twelve inches; and height, twenty-two inches. The barn contains five stalls on the ground floor and a hay-loft above. To build the stable according to the drawings, a box ten by twelve by twenty-four inches should be procured for.
If you have a box of different proportions it will be a simple matter to make such alterations in the details as it will require. The Roof is made in two sections, each fifteen by eighteen inches, and is fastened to the top of the box so that the peak is twenty-two inches above the bottom. Ask someone to put water into a glass when the glass is held upside down.
It is like placing some globules of mercury on a plate. They have no power to create motion; their inertia keeps them separated by certain distances, and they do not coalesce; but incline the plate, give them motion, and bring them in contact, they soon unite and form one globule. The particles of alum are not in close contact, and they have no freedom of motion unless they are dissolved in water, when they become invisible; the water by its chemical power destroys the mechanical aggregation of the solid alum far beyond any operation of levigation. The solid alum has become liquid, like water; the particles are now free to move without let or hindrance from friction.
The alum must indeed be reduced to minute particles, as they are alike invisible to the eye whether assisted by the microscope or not. No repose will cause the alum to separate; the solvent power of the water opposes gravitation; every part of the solution is equally impregnated with alum, and the particles are diffused at equal distances through the water; the heavy alum is actually drawn up against gravity by the water. Make shelf B three by one inches and place it at line 22.
Stick the pins near the edge of the doors and see that they are straight, so the doors will open easily. A small mirror attached to the back between shelves C and D will complete this piece of furniture. A Mirror in a frame should be made for the living-room of the doll-house. Fasten the sides to the edges of the back piece, and the shelf between the sides about three-quarters of an inch above the base. Lay the fish on a dish; have a piquante sauce ready, turn it over it, and serve with steamed potatoes all around the dish. The potatoes may also be served separately.
If you are skilful with your pocket knife you can cut out a representation of the animal from a lump of wood, and paint it to make it more realistic. If, however, you have not the requisite skill, you can still construct the toy by using a walnut shell in place of the carved model. In either case the actual mechanism for "jumping" is the same.
You want a good-sized shell, or rather half-shell, some very strong thin twine, and a match. The discovery which led to the results brought before us to-night was of this character. I rejoice, ladies and gentlemen, in the opportunity here afforded me of offering my tribute to the greatest workman.
The flames of combustible gases from various sources are differently affected, both by the nature of the combustible and by the nearness of the poles. Effect of magnetism on candle-flame between the poles of the magnet. It was these experiments that led to the important discovery of the paramagnetic property of oxygen, and proved in a decided manner that gaseous bodies when heated became more highly diamagnetic.
Keep your finger on the match to prevent it flying back, and carefully turn the shell upside down on the table, holding it all the time.
The audience are led to believe that the name of the card is to be written magically on the slates, but when the person holding them takes off the paper he finds to his surprise that the card is between the slates and, as a matter of fact, the card is the identical card that was chosen in the first place. This "move" is quite a natural one, and is very easy; if the conjurer will try it in front of a mirror he will see that it is also deceptive. The conjurer, using both hands, now rolls the paper round the tube and finally holds the tube near the lower end in his left hand; it is as well to extend the little finger under the paper tube to prevent the "fake" from falling. The water should be poured into the paper tube in a thin stream.
The conjurer then makes a few mystic passes below and over the tube with his right hand, puts two fingers into the lower end of the tube and starts the ribbons; they will fall at once into a heap on the table. I should mention that before loading the "fake" with the coil the outer ribbon on the coil should be torn; if it is not the end of the falling ribbons will be a ring of paper, which will look suspicious. The centre end of the coil should also be pulled out half an inch, so that the conjurer does not have to fumble to get hold of it. Lay it in a small cooker-pail or pan. Make two cupfuls of Brown Sauce, or enough to cover the roll.
Boil the roll for two minutes and set the pail in a larger pail of boiling water. Put it for five or six hours into a cooker. Care must then be taken that they are hot, not merely warm. It not only provides a place for the bag to hang, but it also has a shelf on which the pan sits to catch the drippings from the bag. This effect is brought about by means of a few subtle—but quite easy—"moves" and the use of one little "fake." The jug of water is standing on the conjurer's table; placed just behind it is the large silk handkerchief folded in four, and behind the handkerchief is a piece of transparent celluloid of the exact size of the cards which are to be used; beside the piece of celluloid is the pack of cards.
If you are careful you can put a dozen sixpences into the glass without causing the water to run over the brim. For this little experiment you want a nice large rose bowl, full of water, and seven corks. The trick is to put the corks into the water and to cause them to float in a perpendicular position.
This is how you do it. Grasp all the corks in one hand, and hold them under the water until they are thoroughly soaked. Then hold them in the position you wish them to assume and let them go; they will remain close together and in an upright position.
No other kind of mixture than rubbing together on paper is required. For use, mix with a portion of the powder a small quantity of spirits of wine, in a tin pan resembling a cheese toaster, light the mixture, and it will shed a rich crimson hue. It not only provides a place for the bag to hang, but it also has a shelf on which the pan sits to catch the drippings from the bag. When the fire burns dim and badly, a very small quantity of finely powdered charcoal or lamp black will revive it. The legs are adjustable; hence it is easily taken apart and kept in a small space.
A solid piece of wood with a hole in the center may be used in making this shelf. Dissolve chloride of lithium in spirit of wine, and when lighted, it will burn with a purplish flame. Put into a glass tumbler fifteen grains of finely granulated zinc, and six grains of phosphorus, cut into very small pieces beneath water.
Mix in another glass, gradually, a dram of sulphuric acid, with two drams of water.
Take a piece of flannel of the desired size and make the jelly bag in the shape of a triangle. Sew a loop of tape at each corner to hang the bag over the posts. It is made of poplar at a minimum cost.
Put into a tea cup a little spirit of wine, set it on fire, and invert a large bell-glass over it. In a short time, a thick watery vapor will be seen upon the inside of the bell, which may be collected by a dry sponge. Provide a tall glass jar, filled with cold water, and place in it an air thermometer, which will nearly reach the surface; upon the surface place a small copper basin, into which put a little live charcoal: the surface of the water will soon be made to boil, while the thermometer will show that the water beneath is scarcely warmer than it was at first. Fill a large glass tube with water, and throw into it a few particles of bruised amber, then hold the tube by a handle for the purpose, upright in the flame of a lamp, and as the water becomes warm, it will be seen that currents, carrying with them the pieces of amber, will begin to ascend in the center, and to descend towards the circumference of the tube.
How the Clockwork Motor is Fastened to the Cigar-box Cover. The circulation of warm water may be very pleasingly shown, by heating water in a tube similar to the foregoing; the water having diffused in it some particles of any light substance not soluble in water. All fluids, except water, diminish in bulk till they freeze. In this case, the expansion below forty degrees, and above forty degrees, seem to be equal; so that the water will be of the same bulk at thirty-two degrees as at forty-eight degrees, that is, at eight degrees above or below forty degrees.
This pretty toy may be purchased at any optician's for two or three shillings. Fasten the clockwork motor for.
To do this, hold a piece of sealing-wax above the spool and melt it with a lighted match, allowing it to drip into the hole until the latter is about half full, then press the wax down with the end of a match until it is compact, smooth it off on the bottom of the spool, and make a dent in it with a pencil to indicate the exact center of the hole. Heat the end of the pivot with a lighted match, and press it into the dent in the wax, being careful in doing so to get the spool straight upon the pivot. Plan of Top of Standard for Merry-go-round. It consists of a cup, in which is placed a standing human figure, concealing a syphon, or bent tube with one end longer than the other. This rises in one leg of the figure to reach the chin, and descends through the other leg, through the bottom of the cup to a reservoir beneath. Pattern for Tent of Merry-go-round.
The Tent ready to be Fastened upon a Tent-pole. Cut out the tent along the outer circle, and from it cut a triangular piece about the size of that included between lines KL and ML in the diagram. Full-size Pattern for the Horses of the Merry-go-round.
Wrap a towel round the bottom of the bottle, and strike it evenly and repeatedly, but not too hard, against a wall, post, or tree, and after some time the cork will be driven out of the bottle. The glass joint of the fishing-rod, from which the last joint, carrying the paper tassel, b., projects. Produce some butter, eggs, and other ingredients for making an omelet, together with a frying-pan, in a room where there is a fire, and offer to bet a wager, that the cleverest cook will not be able to make an omelet with them. Flathead screws are used for ordinary work. Roundhead screws are used because they are more ornamental.
Either kind may be made of steel or brass.
In the lower part, a hole should be bored just large enough to take in the core of the screw snugly. This idea, however, has been proved to be a fallacy, for reasons that will be presently explained. The figure on p. 216 displays two of these engines, one of which represents the rotation of electro-magnets within four fixed steel magnets., and the other the rotation of steel magnets by the fixed electro-magnets.. By an accidental occurrence, it has recently been discovered that a piece of rock-crystal, or quartz, cut in a peculiar form, produces, upon an inclined plane, and without any apparent impetus, an extraordinary rotary motion, which maybe kept up for an indefinite period of time.
A burning brand is useful to mark the handles of tools, boxes or anything made of wood by burning a name or a design into them. Use a brad awl to make openings for the screws. How to Make a Burning Brand.
To insure the hinges' pulling tight against the side of the gain make the holes just a little nearer the back side of the screw hole of the hinge. Of course, if you are performing with a borrowed pack of cards you will have to seize your opportunity to do this when the attention of the audience is directed to another trick, or you can do it before your performance begins. Now, pick up the two top cards together and hold them in the right hand in the way described, with the face of the lower card towards the audience.
You will understand, of course, that to the audience these two cards must appear to be one card. When you take the glass with your left hand and try to balance it on the top of the card the back of the left hand is towards the audience and the hand nearly covers the whole of the card. This gives you the chance of bending back the top card to make a firm resting-place for the glass.
Magnetism is a modification of electricity: at least, there is sufficient evidence that these causes are intimately connected, if not identical; but philosophers are as yet ignorant of its nature. The property designated by the word magnetism is found in an iron ore of a certain composition, and of a dark gray color and peculiar luster. This ore alone is the local habitation of magnetism, whilst all others are subject to its influence, or to be attracted by it.
How to Make a Venetian Plate Holder. The plate holder is of more simple construction than the egg boiler but as you have emerged from the kitchen into the dining room you will have to do a very fine job. Still, so little difference is there between the magnetic ore, or loadstone, and those which do not possess the property, that only practiced mineralogists can discern one from the other; and an experienced eye may see two ores join each other by the principle of attraction, without knowing in which resides the power, until another ore, non-magnetic, is brought within the sphere of attraction, when it will adhere only to that which contains the principle. This singular property of the loadstone is imparted to other metallic substances, by rubbing and keeping them close together for some length of time: if a metal be of a hard texture like steel, it retains the magnetic principle permanently; but if soft, it loses the power as soon as separated from the magnet. The metals thus prepared, acquire the same directive and attractive power as the loadstone or natural magnet, and are employed for purposes of the utmost importance.
After the screw has been tightened, apply the rule again to make sure of the correctness of the setting. To gage the line, take the tool in the right hand, three fingers grasping the beam, first encircling the head for narrow work, and the thumb back, or nearly back, of the spur. The head should be kept against one or the other of the face sides.
Begin at the end of the piece which is towards you, hold the block firmly against the piece, roll the beam forward until the spur barely touches the surface and make a very light line. Draw the design on paper full size and this will depend on the diameter of the plate it is to hold.
Warm a glass tube, rub it with a warm flannel, and then bring a downy feather near it. On the first moment of contact, the feather will adhere to the glass, but soon after will fly rapidly from it, and you may drive it about the room by holding the glass between it and the surrounding objects; should it, however, come in contact with anything not under the influence of electricity, it will instantly fly back to the glass. A stick of sealing-wax rubbed against a warm piece of flannel or cloth, acquires the property of attracting light substances, such as small pieces of paper, lint, &c., if instantly applied at the distance of about an inch.
From these it will be seen that the different views are arranged with reference to the front view, so that the part of a side view which is nearest the front view represents a part of the front of the object, that the corresponding horizontal measurements of top and front views are alike, that the corresponding vertical measurements of front and side views are alike, that the corresponding vertical measurements of the top view and horizontal measurements of a side view are alike. They are placed in spaces that the proportion of the parts may the more readily be seen. They may be narrowed or widened by changing the width of the spaces, and shortened or lengthened by changing the height of the spacer. With the point A as a center, using the radius of the circle, cut the circle at 1 and 2. With B as a center, and the same radius, cut the circle at 3 and 4.
If the snow is of the right consistency, there will be no trouble in packing and working with it. The 2 by 4-in.
Turtle-steaks are prepared like beef-steaks. An amalgamated zinc plate is placed outside the porous cell, and a platinum plate inside the latter. The arrangement is put in action by pouring dilute sulphuric acid round the zinc and strong nitric acid inside the porous cell.
A set of Grove's nitric acid battery, as manufactured by Messrs. Finally, to remove all traces of grease, dip the articles to be plated in a boiling potash solution made by dissolving 4 oz. American ash in 1-1/2 pt. Do not touch the work with the hands again.
One soon learns by the sense of feeling when the lost motion has been taken up. Moving this lever to the right or the left serves to straighten the plane-iron, so that the cutting edge shall extend evenly through the mouth and not take a shaving thicker at one side of the iron than at the other. When the machine is at rest, you can stab a small hole in the fuel line and plug the hole with wax.
As the engine runs and the exhaust tube becomes hot, the wax will be melted; fuel will drip onto the exhaust and a blaze will start. If you have access to a room where gasoline is stored, remember that gas vapor accumulating in a closed room will explode after a time if you leave a candle burning in the room.
This will greatly increase the rate of evaporation. Before you light your candle, be sure that windows are closed and the room is as air-tight as you can make it. If you can see that windows in a neighboring room are opened wide, you have a chance of setting a large fire which will not only destroy the gasoline but anything else nearby; when the gasoline explodes, the doors of the storage room will be blown open, a draft to the neighboring windows will be created which will whip up a fine conflagration. They cannot be sabotaged easily or without risk of injury by unskilled persons who may otherwise have good opportunities for destruction. Don’t order new working materials until your current stocks have been virtually exhausted, so that the slightest delay in filling your order will mean a shutdown. If the plane-iron projects, observe whether it projects evenly or not.
As the coin commences to die down the axis about which it spins gradually begins to shift from the diameter to the center of the coin until finally at the finish the coin is spinning directly about its center.
When approaching the line, in planing, place the door against the frame often enough to see where the allowances must be made for irregularities in the frame. The coins should be laid in a row on the table and whatever note you want to ring out pick up the coin which will produce it, hold it as shown at B, and give it a little spin. You can soon learn to spin them with either hand and keep two or more of them going at the same time, when you will have that agreeable combination of tones that is known in music as harmony. The musical coins are easy to learn to play and at a little distance off they look like real coins and are a very pleasing novelty.
The length of the frame may next be measured on each side and these dimensions transferred to the door. Great care should be taken not to let any part of the cord be seen, as this would, of course, discover the trick. This is one of the most surprising feats of legerdemain, and its chief beauty consists in its extreme simplicity. Determine the size and spacings of the views so that the parts of the drawings may be properly placed. With light full lines block out the different views.
Blocking-out lines are made of indefinite length and the proper distances marked off on them after they are drawn. Holding the rule or scale upon the drawing vertically, mark off the vertical spaces. Draw light lines thru these points.
Section of pneumatic trough, to show the decantation of gas from one vessel to another. The writer has frequently astonished a whole room full of company by the performance of this trick. Put on the dimensions. Put on the lettering. In a place so out-of-the-way; But when my finger moved shall be, Like a good fellow come to me." 24.
Set the gage equal to the required distance from the face edge to the nearer edge of the mortise and mark between the lines. The disk should whirl very steadily when working right, and the knack of making the string twist so the disk will do so is attained with a little practice. His dancing-stage is a shingle or piece of stiff cardboard held on the edge of a chair beneath your knee.
Pull the string and Jack jumps comically. The more grotesque the dancer's appearance is, the more amusing his dancing will be, so the cruder you make him the better. The center part of a thread-spool forms the head, and a spool-end and the rounded end of a broom-handle form the hat. These three pieces are nailed together. The body is a piece of a broom-handle, and a spool-end nailed to it forms the shoulders.
For lead, pewter and any alloy with lead in it use tallow, Gallipoli oil or Venice turpentine. Resin can be used successfully for all metals provided they are scraped bright and clean before they are soldered. For soldering tinware a fine tinner's solder made of 1 part of tin and 1 part of lead flows best. Paint the clog-dancer's body, arms, and legs white, his head, hands, and feet black, and mark his eyes, nose, and mouth upon his face in white.
These are cut out of cigar-box wood.
Made the same as ox-cheek soup. Put two ounces of butter in a saucepan, set it on the fire, and as soon as melted, put a good handful of sorrel in, stir for about one minute; then add a pint and a half of water, salt; boil two or three minutes; add again a little butter, give one boil and turn into the soup-dish in which you have croutons. As soon as taken from the fire, two, three, or four yolks of eggs, beaten with a tablespoonful of water, may be added. Broth may be used instead of water.
Put one quart of oysters with their liquor in a saucepan, with one pint of cold water, and set it on a good fire. Put them into a small cooker-pail or pan. Take from the fire at the first boil, and skim off the scum.
By keeping the soup-dish in a warm but not hot place, the oysters will not harden. Add to the juice in the saucepan a gill of white wine; give one boil, and take from the fire. Mix two ounces of butter with two tablespoonfuls of flour in a bowl; turn the juice and wine into the bowl also, and mix the whole well; put the mixture back in the saucepan, and set it on the fire, adding about half a dozen mushrooms, two or three stalks of parsley, and pepper to taste.
Put it into a cooker for from two to four hours, depending upon the age and toughness of the veal. Reheat them before serving. Cool it as rapidly as possible, and when cold, clear it according to the directions on page 59. Serves six or eight persons. Wipe the cutlets with a wet cloth, trim off any tough membranes, and cut them into pieces suitable for serving.
It is served, usually, with custard cut into fancy shapes; or with noodles, macaroni, or other Italian pastes, which are first cooked as directed on page 143; or with delicate vegetables, such as peas or string beans, or other vegetables cut into fancy shapes; or with cooked chicken, cut in dice, and green peas. A poached egg is sometimes served in each plate of soup. Brown them in a very hot frying-pan with butter or rendered fat, being careful not to let them scorch. Sprinkle them well with salt and pepper and put them into a small cooker-pail or pan. Pour a little boiling water into the frying-pan and, when all the brown juice which has hardened on the pan has been dissolved, pour this over the cutlets.
For this two wheels, each about 2-1/2 in. The body of the machine is easier to make than describe. A small match box is taken and along one long edge of the top a piece of stale is glued, projecting 1/4 in.
You ask any one for a handkerchief, and tie the ends firmly together in a double knot, allowing him to feel it, or pull the ends as tight as he pleases. This feat is often performed on the stage, but eggs—or, rather, imitation eggs—are used in place of the tangerines, and the trick in that form is difficult because the eggs are light. You then throw the center of the handkerchief over the knot, ask the person to hold it tight between his finger and thumb. You ask him if the knot is still there, to which he will answer in the affirmative.
The method of managing this trick is as follows: Take the handkerchief and tie the ends in a simple knot, keeping one end tight, and the other end loose. We will call the tight end A., and the loose one B.. Take three nuts in the left hand, show them, and take out one of them between your right finger and thumb, and another between the first and third finger. This latter is not seen by the company. Don't follow up your stroke when you are hitting the cardboard away. Just give it a sharp knock and bring the hand to a standstill with a jerk.
The chains to suspend the swing are fastened to holes made in these iron supports. Make the back of the swing first, then the ends and front, nailing the seat slats in after the glue has fastened the mortises securely together. A cheap and efficient article for the housewife is a mop made of old stockings and the handle of an old, discarded broom.
It is made by cutting the straw off of a broom which has worn out. Order eight or ten pounds of rump of beef corned for four days. Put it into a large cooker-pail and fill the pail with cold water.
When it boils, allow it to simmer for thirty or forty minutes, then put it into a hay-box for ten or twelve hours. Reheat it before serving it. To prepare for the trick, turn one of the bags upside down and push the bottom of it inwards. If ordinary corned beef is used it will be more delicate if, when it is allowed to come to a boil, the water is changed and fresh boiling water added. It may then be cooked as directed above for that specially corned.
This is cut even with the wires which hold the straw on the handle. Cover this part of the broom with an old stocking, which is tacked to the handle securely by sewing it around two or three times with a double thread. Legs of old stockings are cut twelve inches long with these strips cut leaving a band two inches wide to sew to the covering of the broom.
Put it into a bright, ungreased tin, and bake it fifty minutes or an hour in an oven heated not quite so hot as for butter cakes. The same, with Champagne. Cut the kidneys in slices, each in ten or twelve pieces. Put in a stewpan a piece of butter the size of two walnuts, and set it on the fire; when melted, add a teaspoonful of chopped parsley, same of mushrooms, a pinch of grated nutmeg, salt, pepper, and the kidneys; keep tossing till they become stiff, then sprinkle on them a saltspoonful of flour, stirring with a wooden spoon the while; add also a wine-glass of Champagne, or of good white wine; subdue the fire, and let simmer till cooked; take from the fire, add about one ounce of fresh butter, and the juice of half a lemon, and serve. This is a very delicate dish.
Put in a stewpan two ounces of bacon cut in slices, with a bay-leaf, two sprigs of parsley, one of thyme, one clove, six small onions, one carrot cut in four pieces, then about six tails; cover the whole with broth and white wine, half of each; add salt and pepper. The paper should turn light brown when tested as explained on page 225.
After that time, take the tails from the pan, and put them in a warm place, then strain the sauce in which they have cooked, skim off the fat if too much of it, put the sauce back in the pan, and set on the fire; let it reduce till rather thick, place the tails on a purée, turn the sauce on them, and serve. SHEEP'S TONGUES. Soak the tongues in cold water for two hours in winter, and one in summer, and drain. Otherwise, the knife and gage should be used.
The pudding, if correctly baked, will be creamy, with a golden brown, soft crust on top. Serves five or six persons. Add enough water to make a paste barely moist enough to hold together, using a knife and cutting through the dough to mix it. Roll half of it with as little pressure of the rolling-pin as possible, until it is about one-eighth of an inch thick. If a two-crust pie is to be made, lay this crust on the inside of an unbuttered pie plate, trim the edge, and put the trimmings with the remaining paste and roll it out for the upper crust. If a single under crust is to be used, as for lemon pie, lay the paste on the outside of a pie plate, trim the edge and prick through the crust in several places.
If a large amount of sulphur is used and great heat is used hard rubber, or vulcanite, or ebonite is formed. If a small amount of sulphur and a low heat are used the elastic rubber that is so common is formed. Co., 5 Union Square, New York, sells them, and unvulcanized rubber as well. Mounting the Rubber.
Roll out the upper crust, cut several gashes in it to allow steam to escape; lay it over the pie, trim the edges and press them together with a fork. Bind the edge of the pie by laying around it a wet strip of cloth about one inch wide. Bake it for one-half hour in an insulated oven with the stones heated until the paper test shows a golden brown colour. Now it is obvious that a draught may be rendered harmless if the entering current of air is guided in such a direction as not to strike the occupants of a room.
Motors of models like that shown in this chapter are wound one-thousand turns or more for each flight. Wind the Motors Slowly, especially after the first row of knots begin, as it puts the rubber to the least amount of strain by doing this. Quick winding not only strains the rubber but makes the knots form in bunches, and uneven winding, of course, produces an uneven unwinding. These are glued into position. Silica or sand is found crystallized most perfectly in nature in six-sided pyramids, but is not a salt; it is an acid termed silicic-acid.
Sand has no acid taste, because it is insoluble in water, but when melted in a crucible with an alkali, such as potash, it forms a salt called silicate of potash. Magnesia, from being insoluble, or nearly so, in water, is all but tasteless, and has barely any alkaline reaction, yet it is a very strong alkaline base; 20.7 parts of it neutralize as much sulphuric acid as 47 of potash.
If will be necessary either to buy the largest size Bunsen, or make one yourself, if you have the materials. If you can get a cone which can be screwed into an inch pipe, file the opening of the cone to 1/16 in. The flame end of this burner tube should be about 4-1/2 in.
When lighted, the point of the blue flame, which is the hottest part, should be just in the hole in the bottom of the kiln. So also in combinations of chlorine, iodine, bromine, and fluorine, with metallic bodies, neither of which are acid or alkaline, the term haloid salts. The two lower rows are deprived of their trays to make storage partitions, and the two upper are fitted with handles as above.
Finally there is a row of three trays placed endways on the top of the five just mentioned. For "playing at shops" a little model like this is invaluable.
82 illustrates the position to be taken in horizontal boring. This line gives the depth of mortise for the tails. The groove for the drawer bottom having been cut, or its position marked on the end of the front, lay out on the end the half tenons at both edges so that the groove shall come wholly within a tail mortise. The amount of flare at which to set the bevel is given in Chapter VIII, Section 100. Go to the silk hat and take from it a glass full of rice.
The glass is apparently that which has just vanished and the rice is that which the audience think is in the lower bowl. The head of the brace is held steady by bracing the body against the hand which holds it. In horizontal boring, the first sight should be made while in the position shown in the illustration.
The handkerchief is really made of two handkerchiefs sewn together; sewn between them, in the centre, is a round piece of cardboard of the size of the top of the glass. When you throw the handkerchief over the glass you get the disc of cardboard exactly over the top of the glass. Captain Ericsson's invention is therefore to be tried in mid-air. The application of the mechanical power is ingeniously devised.
The propeller is fixed in the bow of the lifeboat, projecting at an angle of about forty-five degrees. From a wheel at the extremity twenty fans radiate. The second position for sighting would be obtained by inclining the upper part of the body until the eye is on a level with the bit. Changing from one position to the other can be done easily and without interfering with the boring and should be done quite often, until the bit has entered well within the wood.
The bit must be held perpendicular to the surface while boring from the second side, as well as the first, or some of the edge of the hole will be broken from the first side as the bit is forced thru. With the rule, measure the distance from the surface of the piece to the grip of the brace. The brace may then be turned until this distance is diminished by the amount which represents the desired depth of the hole. This can be placed beside the bit so that the grip will strike it.
Pneumatic trough, with gas jar raised to shelf; bubbles of air are rushing in at b., as the level of the water is below the shelf—viz., at c c.. Procure small brads and glue with which to fasten the pieces together. To Prepare the Cigar-boxes for use, place them in a tub of boiling water and let them remain there until the paper labels readily pull off.
In order to simplify the matter of cutting the parts that make the furniture, the curved pieces have been drawn out carefully on page 177, so that they can be laid off upon the strips of cigar-boxes without any trouble, by the process of. A very sharp knife must be used for cutting; and the work must be done slowly and carefully, because the least slip is likely to ruin the propeller. The entering-edge of each blade is the almost straight edge, and should be cut very thin.
Put it into the cooker for from two to four hours, depending upon the age and toughness of the veal.
Mix the seasonings with the crumbs, add the melted butter, mix these with the veal, add the pork and, lastly, the eggs. Carbon C = 6 9. You put as much oil as you please; two bottles of oil might be used and it would still be thick. Spread it on chicken salad, etc. Chop some capers and shallots very fine, mix them well with a mayonnaise when made, and you have a Tartar sauce.
Boron B = 10.9 10. Sulphur Sv = 16 11. Phosphorus P = 32 12. Put the mixture in a well-buttered one-quart brown bread mould or water-tight can. Take a small saucepan and set it on the fire with two ounces of butter in it, and when melted add a small onion chopped; stir, and when nearly fried add a tablespoonful of flour, stir, and when turning rather brown, add half a pint of broth, salt, pepper, a pickled cucumber chopped, four stalks of parsley, also chopped, and mustard; boil gently about ten minutes, add a teaspoonful of vinegar; give one boil, and serve.
Plan of the Six-room Doll Apartment. The Third Story Unit, with diagrams of its two partitions F and G placed to the left of it. How the Three Stories are Arranged Side by Side to form a Six-room Apartment. Spread it level but do not pack it in the mould.
Stand it in a large cooker-pail with enough boiling water to come at least two-thirds of the way up the mould. Boil it for twenty minutes and put it into the cooker for four hours. Serve it either hot or cold.
The First Story Unit and Diagram of Partitions. The Second Story Unit and Diagram of Partitions. The Third Story Unit and Diagram of Partitions. Put a piece of butter the size of an egg in a stewpan, and set it on the fire; when melted, sprinkle in it, little by little, about a tablespoonful of flour, stirring the while; when of a proper thickness, and of a brownish color, take from the fire, add a tablespoonful of vinegar, a wine-glass of claret wine, a glass of broth, a shallot cut in two, a middling-sized onion, also cut in two, with a clove stuck in each piece, a sprig of thyme, one of parsley, a bay-leaf, a clove of garlic, a little salt, and two pepper-corns; boil about twenty minutes, strain and use.
The tenth card will be the one thought of.
Then take the pack, and feel whether it be there or not; shuffle the cards in a careless manner, and without looking at it, decide accordingly. Lay sixteen cards on the table, in four divisions, four cards in each, with their faces upwards. The end of the cotton hangs down below the table-cloth close to your hand, and directly you have done the trick you quietly pull the match away, and then you can challenge Mr. Know-all to do the trick himself. When performing the trick, your confederate must take care to select an appropriate passage.
As the straightening is supposed to have been previously done, the shorter length is no disadvantage. For fine work the cap-iron of this plane may be set as close as one thirty-second of an inch to the cutting edge of the plane-iron.
The soup in this case is represented with water, and you can use the same glass; it should be about half full of water. Lay a piece of nice shiny cardboard on the top of it—a piece about eight inches square is large enough—and on the cardboard and exactly over the glass stand a cork. On the top of the cork balance a tangerine orange.
Now, if you give a sharp knock to the cardboard with your right hand the cardboard should go skimming away, taking the cork "off the premises" with it, and the tangerine should drop into the water. This feat appears to be very difficult, but it is not; the weight of the tangerine helps you.
When the bubbles take on a size of about 3 inches in diameter shake them off and they will rise slowly and gracefully in the air. Before they get out of reach touch them with a long lighted taper and they will explode viciously with a sharp report like that made by a revolver. When the flame is brought close enough to the bubble it fires the gases in it, and they explode and combine chemically to form water. It consists of a hydrogen gas generator and an oxygen gas generator.
Connected to the L tube is a length of rubber tubing into the other end of which another L tube is fitted. Connected to the L tube is fixed another length of rubber tubing and in the free end of this is fixed another and shorter L tube. The stones should be heated until the paper test shows a golden brown colour.
Make a syrup of the water and sugar. Put the apples into a pudding dish, pour the syrup over them, and place a slice of lemon over the top of each.
If desired, a bit of butter the size of a bean may be put on each pear before baking. Prepare and cook the quinces as directed in the recipe for baked sweet apples. Now place the two short L tubes side by side and cement them together with sealing wax. As soon as cold, bottle it and use when wanted.
However, in some woods as maple, the unevennesses are maintained, the high places being added to as are the low.
This will make an excellent receiver. This will depend upon the size and ripeness of the fruit. It is usually cut in halves before baking. Cook them in a slow insulated oven, for about three hours. The stones should be heated until the paper barely changes colour, as explained in the test given on page 225. Scald the milk or boil the water, add the fat, let it cool till lukewarm, then add the remaining ingredients, except the flour. If compressed yeast is used, add as much flour as is needed to make a dough that may be kneaded.
How to Make a Policeman's Puzzle. Pivot the leg near the foot of each policeman to the ends of both of the strips by driving a couple of brads through and into them and then nail the Israelite fast to the top strip with a couple of brads.
Nail one fast near the rear of the bottom 2 inches from the back end, and nail the other one fast to the front of the bottom 1 inch from the end. The ice chisel here described will be found very handy, and may be made at very slight expense. In the top of an old ax-head drill a 9/16-in. In this case a handle must be attached to the rim of the wheel to serve as a crank.
67 illustrates a way in which the ends of narrow pieces may be easily squared. For ease in handling the pump, a platform should be added. The plane is pressed to the shooting board with the right hand. Thread the other end of the pipe, and screw on an old snow-shovel handle.
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from all parts of the tree above ground, principally from the leaves. The amount of water absorbed by the roots is greatly in excess of what is needed. That fresh supplies of earthy matter may reach the leaves, the excess of water must be got rid of. In trees with very thick bark, transpiration takes place thru the lenticles in the bottom of the deep cracks.
Naturally, the paper will sink down under the weight. Then you move the two glasses a little nearer to each other and try again, and again the paper bends under the weight of the glass you place on it. You explain that there is a way of resting the glass on the paper in such a way that the paper shall not sink down.
I remember it now. A pounded steak may appear or taste more tender to a person not knowing or never having tasted a good steak, but an experienced palate cannot be deceived.
Cut the meat in round or oval slices, as even as possible, of any size, about one inch in thickness, and trim off the fibres and thin skin that may be around. Do not cut off the fat, but flatten a little each slice with a chopper. Salt and pepper them, dish, spread a maître d'hôtel over them, and serve very warm.
This is not really the title of the next trick, but it is sometimes suitable for it when the trick is performed by a man who has never had a rehearsal. Cooks and epicures differ about the turning over of steaks; also about broiling them with or without salt; some say that they must not be turned over twice, others are of opinion that they must be turned over two or three, and even more times; some say that they must be salted and peppered before broiling, others say they must not; we have tried the two ways many times, and did not find any difference; if there is any difference at all, it is in the quality of the meat, or in the person's taste, or in the cook's care.
When you lay the aces one over the other, of course nothing but the kings or knaves can be seen; and on turning the kings or knaves downward, the four aces will make their appearance. You must have two perfect cards, one a king or knave, to put over one of the aces, else it will be seen; and the other an ace, to lay over the kings or knaves. When you wish to make them all appear blank, lay the cards a little lower, and by hiding the aces, they will appear white on both sides; you may then ask which they wish to have, and may show kings, aces, or knaves, as they are called for. Cut very neatly the spots from a three of spades.
Each long projection represents a leg, which is bent at right angles on the center line by placing the metal in the jaws of a vise and hammering the metal over flat. If just the rim is gripped in the vise, it will give a rounding form to the lower part of the legs. The small projections are bent in to form a support for the bottom. Holes are drilled near the edges for stove bolts to fasten it to the bottom projections. Two of the larger holes are used for the ends of the coiled rod and the other two for the heating-wire terminals. With no other tools than a hacksaw, some files, a compass, and with the exercise of a little patience and moderate skill, very good teeth may be cut on blank wheels.
First take the case of a small gearwheel, say 1 in.
Draw a circle on paper, the same diameter as the wheel. The distance AB will be approximately the pitch. Now describe a smaller circle for the base of the teeth and halfway between these circles may be taken as the pitch circle.
Now describe a circle the same size as the largest circle on a piece of 1/16-in. This guide should have a beveled edge, E, from F to G, to lay along the line on which the saw-cut is to be made. The latter holes should be well insulated with porcelain or mica.
Lay out the piece to the dimensions shown upon this drawing, and then cut it out, making a mortise in each end for the wheels to fit in. One end of spool A should be pivoted with a longer finishing nail than those used for the other pivots, so that when driven in place about half an inch will project beyond the frame. The hole in one of these spools is about three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter, so, in order to make it fit tightly upon the nail, it is necessary to fill in around the nail with sealing-wax.
To do this, turn the wooden frame upon its edge and place the spool over the nail, being careful to get the nail in the exact center of the hole.
These will be recognized readily in any clock, as they are pivoted close together, and regulate the speed of the other wheels. The sum of the 1st and 2d 8 2. The sum of the 2d and 3d 13 3.
The lock is screwed in place, and the escutcheon fastened to the outer or front surface. If the kidney is allowed to boil till perfectly done, it will very seldom be tender.
If a face plate is used, the door is closed, the position marked, after which the door is opened and the plate is set. The exact quantities of the chemicals required can only be determined by experiment. Prepare and serve it also as calf's-kidney, in every way as directed for the same. Cut the liver in slices a quarter of an inch in thickness, sprinkle on them salt and pepper, place them on a gridiron, and set on a sharp fire; turn over only once, and serve rather underdone, with butter and chopped parsley, kneaded together and spread between the slices.
A few drops of lemon-juice may be added. When the liver is cut in slices, as above, put a piece of butter in a frying-pan on the fire, and when melted, lay the slices in; turn over only once, then serve, with salt, pepper, vinegar, and chopped parsley. Having settled that matter the conjurer has only to carry out the instructions already given. The second and fourth glasses will then have "wine" in them, and the first and third water.
The contents of the first and second mixed together will be "wine," and when poured into the jug will cause the water left in the jug to change into "wine." The oxalic acid in the third glass does the trick of taking all the colour out of the contents of the fourth glass, and when he has poured that into the jug the conjurer finishes, as he began, with a "jug of water." The jug should be taken away at once, because the water will probably become dull and clouded in the course of a few minutes. The "water," by the way, is poisonous; to avoid any chance of an accident the conjurer should pour it away at once, and should also see that the glasses and jug are well washed.
Cut the tail at the joint, so as to make as many pieces as there are joints; throw the pieces in boiling water for fifteen minutes, and drain them. When cold and dry, put them in a saucepan with a bay-leaf, two onions, with a clove stuck in each, two sprigs of parsley, and one of thyme, a clove of garlic, salt, pepper, half a wine-glass of white wine, and a few thin slices of salt pork; cover with broth or water, and set on a moderate fire for two hours. Dish the pieces, strain the sauce on them, and serve with a garniture of cabbage, or with any purée. How to clean and prepare. Now pick up a jug of water with your right hand and throw a large handkerchief over your right arm. With the left hand take a tumbler from the table, pour some water into it, and take it with the disengaged fingers of the right hand, so that with your left hand you can take the handkerchief from your right arm and throw it over the glass.
It is useful in many ways because it is fireproof. Into a deflagrating spoon place a bit of potassium, set this on fire by holding it in the spoon in the flame of a spirit-lamp, and then rapidly plunge the burning metal into a bottle of oxygen. Isinglass is a nearly pure gelatine and is a white, tough, partly transparent substance which is obtained chiefly from the air-bladders of fish. Now lay another greased and hot sheet of glass on top of the gelatine and let it stay there until it is cold. The sheets of gelatine can be given any color by adding a little aniline to the gelatine while it is hot.
A brilliant ignition occurs in the deflagrating spoon for a few seconds, and there is little or no smoke in the jar.
Where hand skimming is practised, set separate milkings in cool, well-ventilated places and allow to stand from twelve to eighteen hours for the cream to rise. Skim the cream off with a cup or large spoon, put it into a can which is kept in a cool place at a temperature of 50 degrees Fahrenheit or below. Skimmings from the different milkings are cooled to the same temperature before being added to this stock can. Besides the ordinary colander, it is necessary to have a fine one. We mean, by a fine colander, one with holes half the size of the ordinary ones, that is, just between the colander and strainer.
Cream properly ripened has a velvety and glossy appearance, with a mild but pleasant sour taste. A colander should not have holes on the sides; it is handier and more clean with holes at the bottom only. He said that he thought it good and even necessary to use some there on account of the climate, but every time he had eaten it he thought he was swallowing boiling alcohol or live coals. A piece of watch-spring is softened at one end, by holding it in the flame of a spirit-lamp, and allowing it to cool. A bit of waxed cotton is then bound round the softened end, and after being set on fire, is plunged into a gas jar containing oxygen; the cotton first burns away, and then the heat communicates to the steel, which gradually takes fire, and being once well ignited, continues to burn with amazing rapidity, forming drops of liquid dross, which fall to the bottom of the plate—and also a reddish smoke, which condenses on the sides of the jar; neither the dross which has dropped into the plate, nor the reddish matter condensed on the jar, will affect either tincture of litmus or turmeric; they are neither acid nor alkaline, but neutral.
It must be well ventilated and lighted.
Here the withdrawal of a certain quantity of heat from the water evidently allows a new force to come into full play. 'Impossible' happens to be the name of the trick; thanks for giving me the clue.
The box need not be made of particularly good wood, as the entire interior, with the exception of the glass, figures and lights, should be colored a dull black. This can well be done by painting with a solution of lampblack in turpentine. 157 shows the tenon, the mortise in the second member into which the tenon fits, the mortise in the tenon and its key or wedge.
Where two or more keys of the same size are to be made, it is customary to plane all in one piece. Plane a face side, a face edge, gage and plane to thickness. "Of course—with the water still in the glass." Some members of your audience will be sure to say that it cannot be done; others will beg to be allowed to think it out. You will probably hear whispering: "The water in the glasses has something to do with it. Why was he so jolly careful to get the same quantity of water in each glass?
The liquor may be used a second time. The American oyster is unquestionably the best that can be found. It varies in taste according to how it is treated, either after being dredged or while embedded; and also according to the nature of the soil and water in which they have lived.
The work can be oiled and polished but never varnish it.
Now screw up the block in your vise and cut away the sides with your chisels and gouges, using the mallet to do it with. All you want to do at first is to get the rough shape of the figure. When you have done this you can go ahead and finish up the work with your chisels and gouges.
Serves six or eight persons. Wipe the cutlets with a wet cloth, trim off any tough membranes, and cut them into pieces suitable for serving. To incite the citizen to the active practice of simple sabotage and to keep him practicing that sabotage over sustained periods is a special problem.
It will be some time before the scales will drop from the eyes of the person who is sizing up the picture.
Stand, supporting the two pieces of lead attached to each other by cohesion. To pass the discharge through wires, nothing more is required than to strain them across a dry mahogany board, between two brass wires and balls, and if a sheet of white paper is placed under them, most curious markings are produced by the fine particles of the deflagrated metal blown into the surface of the paper. An arrangement of two or more Leyden jars is usually called a Leyden Battery, just as a single cannon is spoken of as a gun, whilst two or more constitute a battery. Mahogany board with a sheet of white paper and three pairs of brass wires and balls fixed in the wire, three on each side. If two pieces of lead are cast, and the ends nicely scraped, taking care not to touch the surfaces with the fingers, they may by simple pressure be made to cohere, and in that state of attraction may be lifted from the table by the ring which is usually inserted for convenience in the upper piece of lead; they may be hung for some time from a proper support, and the lower bit of lead will not break away from the upper one; they may even be suspended, as demonstrated by Morveau, in the vacuum of an air-pump, to show that the cohesion is not mistaken for the pressure of the atmosphere, and no separation occurs. And when the union is broken by physical force, it is surprising to notice the limited number of points, like pin points, where the cohesion has occurred; whilst the weight of the lump of lead upheld against the force of gravitation reminds one forcibly of the attraction of a mass of soft iron by a powerful magnet, and leads the philosophic inquirer to speculate on the principle of cohesion being only some masked form of magnetic or electrical attraction. These surfaces are so true, that when placed upon each other, the upper one will freely rotate when pushed round, in consequence of the thin film of air remaining between the surfaces, which acts like a cushion, and prevents the metallic cohesion.
Simple sabotage is often an act which the citizen performs according to his own initiative and inclination.
Should, however, the young optician wish to make a few slides of objects of particular interest to himself, he may proceed as follows: Draw first on paper the figures you wish to paint, lay it on the table, and cover it over with a piece of glass of this shape; now draw the outlines with a fine camel's hair pencil in black paint mixed with varnish, and when this is dry, fill up the other parts with the proper colors, shading with bistre also mixed with varnish. When, however, the upper plate is slid over the lower one gradually, so as to exclude the air, then the two may be lifted together, because cohesion has taken place. Whitworth's planes, with film of air between them. The transparent colors are alone to be used in this kind of painting.
Film of air excluded when cohesion occurs. A glass vessel is a good example of cohesion.
In accordance with my rule, I shall lay the principal stress on card tricks that require no apparatus, and may be performed with ordinary cards. 3rd, Red or amorphous phosphorus, which does not shine or emit white smoke when exposed to the air, and is so altered in its properties that it may be safely carried in the pocket. Enough evidence has therefore been offered to show that the allotropic property is not confined to one element or compound, but is discoverable in many bodies, and in no one more so than in the allotropic state of the element oxygen called. The name at once suggests a marked difference between ozone and oxygen, because the latter is perfectly free from odour, whilst the former has that peculiar smell which is called electric, and is distinguishable whenever an electrical machine is at work, or if a Leyden jar is charged by the powerful Rhumkoff, or Hearder coil; it is also apparent when water is decomposed by a current of electricity and resolved into its elements, oxygen and hydrogen. Wild, 171 Avenue A, New York City.
You will be surprised to find how easily it works. This is a necessary beginning for card tricks. "Making the pass," is the technical term for shifting either the top or the bottom card to any place in the pack that you like.
It is almost impossible to describe it, and I can only say that it will be learned better in five minutes from a friend, than in as many hours from a book. As, however, a friend is not always to be found who can perform the pass, I will endeavor to describe it. The cards are held in both hands, right hand underneath and left above, as in the engraving, where, as the bottom card is to be raised to the top, the little finger is seen between that card and those above it. By a quick movement of the right hand, the bottom card is slipped away towards the left, and is placed upon the top card, under shadow of the left hand, which is raised for the moment to allow of its passage. This movement must be assiduously practiced before it is exhibited in public, as nothing looks more awkward than to see it clumsily performed, in which case two or three cards generally tumble on the floor. While shuffling the pack, cast a glance at the bottom card, make the pass, and bring it to the top.
You enter the place, ask for a French dish; or, ask if you can have such a dish, à la Française? The phosphorus must first be ignited; and as soon as it is introduced into the oxygen, it gives out a light so brilliant that no eye can bear it, and the whole jar appears filled with an intensely luminous atmosphere.
Bruise some fresh prepared crystals of nitrate of copper, spread them over a piece of tin foil, sprinkle them with a little water; then fold up the foil tightly, as rapidly as possible, and in a minute or two it will become red hot, the tin apparently burning away. Where two or more keys of the same size are to be made, it is customary to plane all in one piece. Plane a face side, a face edge, gage and plane to thickness. If there is more than one key, saw each to length.
Shape the remaining edge as desired. Never use any spoon but a wooden one to stir any thing on the fire or in a warm state.
Combustion without flame may be shown in a very elegant and agreeable manner, by making a coil of platinum wire by twisting it round the stem of a tobacco pipe, or any cylindrical body, for a dozen times or so, leaving about an inch straight, which should be inserted into the wick of a spirit lamp; light the lamp, and after it has burned for a minute or two, extinguish the flame quickly; the wire will soon become red hot, and, if kept from draughts of air, will continue to burn until all the spirit is consumed. Spongy platinum, as it is called, answers rather better than wire, and has been employed in the formation of fumigators for the drawing-room, in which, instead of pure spirit, some perfume, such as lavender water, is used; by its combustion an agreeable odor is diffused through the apartment. These little lamps were much in vogue a few years ago, but are now nearly out of fashion.
Under some circumstances, you may be able to destroy oil outright rather than interfere with its effectiveness, by removing stop-plugs from lubricating systems or by puncturing the drums and cans in which it is stored. An amusing combination of two experiments may be made by putting some fresh-burned lime into one tea-pot and this freezing mixture into another. When water is poured on the one containing lime, it gives out steam from the spout; while the addition of water to the other produces so much cold, that it can hardly be kept in the hand. Thus heat and cold are afforded by the same medium, water. Rice, when cooked, swells to four times its original bulk. Serves six or eight persons.
They were charged like an ordinary Leyden battery. If the glass plate coated with tinfoil is charged, and then placed upright on a stand, it may be slowly discharged by placing a bent wire on the edge with the extremities covered with pith balls. The wire balances itself, and continues to oscillate with noise until the electricities of the two surfaces neutralize each other.
Wire with pith balls oscillating during the discharge of the glass plate. Melt a small quantity of the sulphate of potassa and copper in a spoon over a spirit lamp; it will be fused at a heat just below redness, and produce a liquid of a dark green color. Remove the spoon from the flame, when the liquid will become a solid of a brilliant emerald green color, and so remain till its heat sinks nearly to that of boiling water; when suddenly a commotion will take place throughout the mass, beginning from the surface, and each atom, as if animated, will start up and separate itself from the rest, till, in a few moments, the whole will become a heap of powder. Provide two small pieces of glass; sprinkle a minute portion of sulphur upon one piece, lay thin slips of wood around it, and place upon it the other piece of glass. It is easy to imagine the glass plate of the last experiment rolled up into the more convenient form of the Leyden jar, which consists of a glass vessel lined both inside and out with tinfoil, leaving some two or three inches of the glass round the mouth uncovered and varnished with shell-lac; a piece of dry wood is fitted into the mouth of the jar, through which a brass wire and chain are passed, and the end outside is fitted with a ball. The Leyden jar is charged by holding the ball to the prime conductor of the electrical machine until a sort of whizzing noise is heard, caused by the excess of electricity passing round the uncovered part of the jar and not through it, as the smallest crack in the glass of the Leyden jar would render it useless.
Cooks and epicures differ about the turning over of steaks; also about broiling them with or without salt; some say that they must not be turned over twice, others are of opinion that they must be turned over two or three, and even more times; some say that they must be salted and peppered before broiling, others say they must not; we have tried the two ways many times, and did not find any difference; if there is any difference at all, it is in the quality of the meat, or in the person's taste, or in the cook's care. See 5 b. It will be quite easy, too, for them to tie a piece of very heavy string several times back and forth between two parallel transmission lines, winding it several turns around the wire each time.
Boil gently till nearly done, when add about a dozen mushrooms, and keep boiling till done; dish the fish, and put it in a warm but not hot place; mix cold, in a saucepan, four ounces of butter with about two ounces of flour; turn over it, through a strainer, the liquor in which the fish has been cooked, and set on a sharp fire; after about three minutes, during which you have stirred with a wooden spoon, add the mushrooms; stir again for about two minutes, turn over the fish, and serve warm. Beforehand, the string should be heavily saturated with salt and then dried. When it rains, the string becomes a conductor, and a short-circuit will result.
School-sinks must be of cast-iron, not more than two feet in depth, connected at the upper end with the Croton supply, and at the lower end with a drain leading to the street-sewer, and provided with an outlet at the lowest point and on the bottom so as to admit of a complete discharge of the contents whenever the outlet is opened and the sink flushed with water. The sink must be set so that the flange will be at least two feet below the yard surface, to prevent freezing. The same in Salad.
A Bunsen burner makes a very hot flame because the gas in the tube moves faster than in an ordinary burner and the oxygen in the air aids the gas to burn. If you have no gas in your house you can use an alcohol lamp which you can either buy or make for yourself. Open light and air courts must be properly drained.
When a privy-vault or cesspool must necessarily be used, and the water-supply of the premises is from a well, they must be at least fifty feet from the well; and the privy-vault must be absolutely tight. As direct as possible. To insure an uninterrupted flow.
Water colors can be used for the purpose. Letter the name of your car-line upon the sides and the number of the car upon each end and side. Having seen how the car is made, you will find it a simple matter to make designs for. Other Cars, using the same scheme for the trucks, and altering the patterns for the sides, ends, and roof, to suit the design. Pour it at once over the fruit and close the cans when cooled.
Cover them with a clean towel while cooling. Watermelon rind may be preserved in the same manner. Forget tools so that you will have to go back after them.
It will thus be seen that the trolley hangs to the upper part of the cable, or trolley-line, in running one way, and to the lower part on the return run. In changing the direction of the run, the ring to which the trolley is attached slides to the other end of the car.
Wires Attached to a Lavatory. Serve with one cupful of Sauce for Vegetables. Serves six or eight persons. The suggestions for the making of cigar-box furniture in Chapter XVII, and spool and cardboard furniture in Chapter XIX, will give you plenty of material for furniture and save you the expense of buying this part of the furnishings for your house. A very handy article is an attachment on wash basins or lavatories for holding the sleeves back while washing the hands.
It is very annoying to have the sleeves continually slip down and become wet or soiled. If you prefer a garage instead of this stable, you may omit the stalls, and make one or two large windows in the rear wall in place of the small high windows shown.
Soak it in cold water for one hour, then drain it; or cook it without soaking. Drop it into the boiling water, let it boil, and put it into the hay-box for one and one-half hours if soaked, or two hours if not soaked. Stand the pail or pan in a cooker-pail of boiling water while in the hay-box. The simple device shown herewith can be made with bent wires or hooks and attached in such a way that it can be dropped out of the way when not in use. Exhaust the air from the receiver, and having done so, detach the objects, so that they may fall.
This deposit will provide very good insulation against heat; after enough of it has collected, the boiler will be completely worthless.
With cast-iron the most vivid scintillations are obtained, particularly if after having fused and boiled the cast-iron with the jet of the two gases, one of them, viz., the hydrogen, is turned off, and the oxygen only directed upon the fused ball of iron, then the carbon of the iron burns with great rapidity, the little globule is enveloped in a shower of sparks, and the whole affords an excellent notion of the principle of Bessemer's patent method of converting cast-iron at once into pure malleable iron, or by stopping short of the full combustion of carbon, into cast-steel. The apparatus for conducting these experiments is of various kinds, and different jets have been from time to time recommended on account of their alleged safety. It may be asserted that all arrangements proposed for burning any quantity of the mixed. Thick pieces weighing under ten pounds will roast rare in twelve minutes to a pound, medium rare in from fifteen to eighteen minutes, and well done in twenty-five or thirty minutes a pound. Thin pieces will take a few minutes less to each pound. Prepare the meat for roasting as directed for roast beef.
If it is desired to burn the mixed. Cook it in an insulated oven heated as directed for roasts on page 225, allowing twenty-five minutes to each pound for lamb, and from fifteen to eighteen minutes for mutton.
Cork, which is blown out if the flame recedes in the pipe, c.. Keep blast furnaces in a condition where they must be frequently shut down for repair. In making fire-proof bricks for the inner lining of blast furnaces, put in an extra proportion of tar so that they will wear out quickly and necessitate constant re-lining. Make cores for casting so that they are filled with air bubbles and an imperfect cast results.
See that the core in a mold is not properly supported, so that the core gives way or the casting is spoiled because of the incorrect position of the core.
Another way, or à la Chambord. Stuff the fish with sausage-meat, envelop it in a towel, boil, and serve it with a tomato-sauce. The same with Sorrel. To do this, bore a small hole at each end, and blow.
Broil the fish, and serve it on a purée of sorrel or of spinach. Mould it into balls, lay them in a pan with the flour and shake it until the balls are floured; then sauté them with the butter, shaking the pan carefully from time to time, till the balls are browned on all sides. It may also be prepared au court bouillon, à la Bretonne, and aux fines herbes, like bass, etc. Or the balls may be dropped into boiling soup and put into the cooker for one-half hour.
For a fish weighing three pounds, add one gill of broth and half as much of white wine; dust the fish with bread-crumbs, and set in a pretty quick oven. Fifteen minutes afterward, examine it. When done, the fish is dished, a little broth is put in the pan, which is placed on a sharp fire; stir with a spoon or fork so as to detach the bread, etc., that may stick to the pan, then pour this over the fish, and serve warm.
A better means of disposing of the excreta, where water-closets can not be had, is the earth-closet, of which there are several varieties. These are so constructed that they resemble a water-closet in appearance, but the excreta are caught in a receptacle beneath the seat, and covered with earth, when the handle beside the seat is raised.
Dry earth is an excellent disinfectant, and when excreta are thus mingled with it they are gradually oxidized and disappear, so that after a time the same earth may, with proper precautions, be used again. Its disinfectant properties have been shown to be due to the presence of microscopic organisms, which decompose the excreta in the act of nourishing themselves. A little chloroform paralyzes them, and deprives the earth of its disinfecting properties, which return, however, when the chloroform is washed out, and the organisms recover their natural vigor. The earth for these closets must be dry, and sifted of coarse particles, and enough must be deposited upon the excreta to cover them and to absorb the urine.
Sometimes a handle like that of the plane is fastened to the beam near the knife or spur. Slitting Gage Mortise Gage Panel Gage For wide boards. A perfect method of disposal of excreta and other house refuse would be one which would insure their prompt and rapid removal in such a way as to prevent the contamination of the air of any inhabited locality during such removal, or after their final deposition. The water-carriage system includes bowls or sinks for the deposit of refuse matters, connecting-pipes to remove such matters from the house, and public sewers for their further conveyance away from human abodes. It is better to limit the attendance at such funerals to as few as possible.
In this way an effective means is provided of releasing the lid and enabling the "Jack" to shoot out suddenly. The Jig-saw Puzzle was at one time a very popular toy, and there are signs that its popularity is being revived. If it does not interest you particularly, it will provide a little brother or sister with endless amusement.
These pieces are then jumbled up into disorder, and passed on to the little one in order that the shapes may be fitted into place and the original picture reconstructed.
Each of these consists of a capital letter divided up by one or two straight lines into right-angled triangles and other geometrical shapes. While very simple to look at when completed, these little puzzles are by no means easy to solve when the odd pieces are given in a jumbled state. Procure a bottle of chlorine, and arrange two tall cylindrical glasses: fill one half full with a dilute solution of iodide of potassium and starch, and the other with a very dilute solution of sulphate of indigo; provide each vessel with a plate glass or cardboard valve, laid on the top; carefully open the bottle of chlorine, invert it slowly over one cylindrical vessel, so as to pour out half the gas, which is very heavy; add the remainder to the other, and shake up both vessels. The capital letters should be drawn on a piece of cigar-box wood, and then carefully cut out with a fret saw, or, better still, with a tenon saw if you have one. The chlorine will bleach the indigo, and afford a magnificent purple in the iodide of potassium and starch, because it sets free iodine, which combines with the starch, producing a purple compound.
He explained that there was no trick about that, the pressure of the air kept the paper in its place and so prevented the water from rushing out. It is very important that the hole D should be very small, otherwise the image will be blurred. If the joints are to be in the middle of each member but one measurement need be made.
Chapter VII, Section 62.
Then he took the paper from the top of the tube, and still the water remained in the tube. Having replaced the papers he picked up the large hat pin and held the tube over the bowl. The object would then be magnified 8 diameters, or 64 times. The mother of vinegar examined in the same way is seen to be swarming with a mass of wriggling little worms, and may possibly cause the observer to abstain from all salads forever after.
He pierced the upper paper with the pin and held it there for a moment. Directly he withdrew the pin with the paper impaled on it the water fell out of the tube into the bowl, carrying the lower paper with it. By superposition, locate and knife the second edge of each joint.
Skewers are never used with fish in vinaigrette, or when the fish is cut in pieces. The craw-fish has only to be boiled before using it for decorating fish. Refer back to matters decided upon at the last meeting and attempt to re-open the question of the advisability of that decision. Advocate “caution.” Be “reasonable” and urge your fellow-conferees to be “reasonable” and avoid haste which might result in embarrassments or difficulties later on. Be worried about the propriety of any decision—raise the question of whether such action as is contemplated lies within the jurisdiction of the group or whether it might conflict with the policy of some higher echelon.
It is more handy to take the fish off without breaking it, and there is no danger of having it spoiled while cooking. When ready to serve it, stir it lightly with a fork till all the ingredients are evenly mixed. Pilaf is injured by much overcooking. Serves five or six persons.
Add the salt and boiling water; boil it hard for one hour, and put it into a cooker for from six to twelve hours. It is improved by the longer cooking.
Clean and prepare the fish, as directed for baking; put it in a baking-pan with salt, pepper, and butter spread all over it; just cover the bottom of the pan with water or broth; place a piece of buttered paper over it and bake. Serves five or six persons. On wheel A fasten two pieces of wood, C, to cross in the center, and place a bell on the four ends, as shown.
The chicken is served in salad. Procure a rather old turkey and roast or bake it till about one-third done; put it in a soup-kettle with about a pint of water to a pound of meat, and set it on a rather slow fire.
A good proportion is: to one pound of Java add about four ounces of Mocha, and four ounces of one or two other kinds. Now ask how many nines are contained in the remainder. No notice need be taken of any overplus of a remainder, after being divided by nine.
Good coffee, as well as tea, is said to possess exhilarating properties. Its use was not known in Europe before 1650. Neither was the use of sugar, tobacco, and brandy. Let a person think of a number, say 6 1. Good coffee cannot be made but by leaching.
The coffee-pot called "the French balance" makes the best-flavored coffee, but it is an expensive one. There are several good filters, but the great majority or the people find them too complicated for daily use. The transparent colors are alone to be used in this kind of painting. The room for the exhibition ought to be large, and of an oblong shape. At one end of it suspend a large sheet so as to cover the whole of the wall.
The company being all seated, darken the room, and placing the lantern with its tube in the direction of the sheet, introduce one of the slides into the slit, taking care to invert the figures; then adjust the focus of the glasses in the tube by drawing it in or out as required, and a perfect representation of the object will appear. Broth that is not to be used immediately must be cooled quickly after being strained, as the quicker it is cooled the longer it keeps. As soon as cold, put it in a stone jar or crockery vessel, and place it in a cool, dry, and dark place.
Strike off the 3, and inform him that he thought of 6. Simmer about five hours. Use the broth as chicken-broth above, and serve the turkey in salad. It will keep three or four days in winter, but only one day in summer. If the weather is stormy, it will not keep even for twelve hours; it turns sour very quickly. I do not put parsnips or thyme in broth, the taste of these two vegetables being too strong.
Or with shallots chopped fine, and then bruised in a coarse towel. While in the country during vacation time, I missed my daily bath and devised a shower bath that gave complete satisfaction. The back porch was enclosed with sheeting for the room, and the apparatus consisted of a galvanized-iron pail with a short nipple soldered in the center of the bottom and fitted with a valve and sprinkler.
Cross section top view of the enlarging apparatus. This developer will keep for a long time if the bottle containing it is kept full, otherwise the air will act on it. This layer is the living and growing part of the tree. The illustration shows a rack for postcards. Those having houses with mission-style furniture can make such a rack of the same material as the desk, table or room furnishings and finish it in the same manner.
Only three pieces are required, and as they are simple in design, anyone can cut them out with a saw, plane and pocket knife. A good substitute for a shoe horn is a handkerchief or any piece of cloth used in the following way: Allow part of the handkerchief or cloth to enter the shoe, place the toe of the foot in the shoe so as to hold down the cloth, and by pulling up on the cloth so as to keep it taut around the heel the foot will slide into the shoe just as easily as if a shoe horn were used. In building a photographic dark room, it is necessary to make it perfectly light-tight, the best material to use being matched boards. These boards are tongued and grooved and when put together effectually prevent the entrance of light. The next important thing to be considered is to make it weather-tight, and as far as the sides are concerned the matched boards will do this also, but it is necessary to cover the roof with felt or water-proof paper.
The best thickness for the boards is 1 in., but for cheapness 3/4 in. The dark room shown in the accompanying sketch measures 3 ft.
A little magnet floating in mercury contained in the glass a a.; the north pole is allowed to float above the surface of the quicksilver, and the south pole is attached to the wire passing through the bottom of the glass vessel. The electricity passes in at b., and taking the course indicated by the arrows travels through the glass of quicksilver to the other pole of the battery at c.. Directly contact is made with the battery, the little magnet rotates round the electrified wire, w.. A flat file is run lengthwise over them the full length of the saw so that none of the teeth may project more than others.
This block keeps the surface of the file at right angles to the blade of the saw. The kind of saw determines the angle or angles at which the file is held with reference to the saw blade. This is to even the sides of the teeth that the kerf may be smoothly cut.
The bottom of this plane is of iron. Planes are made in different sizes. As certain lengths are more suitable for certain kinds of work they have been given distinguishing names such as jack-plane, smooth-plane, fore-plane, jointer. The dotted line shows the level of the mercury in glass. In the examination of the magnetic phenomena obtained from wires transmitting a current of electricity, it should be borne in mind that any conducting medium which forms part of a closed circuit—i.e., any conductor, such as charcoal, saline fluids, acidulated water, which form a link in the endless chain required for the path of the electricity,—will cause a magnetic needle placed near it to deviate from its natural position. "The plane in which the magnet moves is always parallel to the plane in which the observer supposes himself to be placed.
The whole of this apparatus is made in the most elegant and finished manner by Messrs.
"Dropping below the basket is a metallic lifeboat, in which is placed an Ericsson engine. Captain Ericsson's invention is therefore to be tried in mid-air. The application of the mechanical power is ingeniously devised. The propeller is fixed in the bow of the lifeboat, projecting at an angle of about forty-five degrees. From a wheel at the extremity twenty fans radiate.
He cuts off a piece about an inch in length, lights one end, and wraps it up in a piece of tow which he holds in his left hand. The trifling smoke will be concealed by a huge bundle of loose tow also carried in the left hand. He takes a handful of tow in his right hand, puts it into his mouth, chews it up, and appears to swallow it. He then takes another handful, and with it the piece in which is the string.
It is a good scheme to put a few drops of acetic acid into each goblet so that just as quickly as the volume of sound begins to fall off you can dip your finger tips into whatever glass they are nearest to and so increase the friction between them and the glass. If you can play a set of musical glasses well your services will be in demand for all kinds of entertainments. Cylindrical sticks of wood can also be used for the tubes. Hungerford Brass & Copper Co., 89 Lafayette St., New York. To tune the tubes saw off and file off the end of each tube until it gives forth the proper note.
The first member is then held so that one of its arrises rests upon this line, and a point is made with knife at the other arris. Lay out duplicate parts and duplicate joints as suggested in Chapter VII, Section 62. As he puts this into his mouth, he takes out the piece which he has already chewed. Where several joints of a similar size and kind are to be fitted, mark the different parts to each joint with the same number or letter as soon as fitted that no other member may be fitted to either of these.
Salt and pepper them, dish, spread a maître d'hôtel over them, and serve very warm. The members may then be laid on the bench and accurately marked without danger of misplacing the openings. While the knife is used almost exclusively in laying out joints, there are a few instances in which a pencil, if well sharpened and used with slight pressure is preferable.
To knife entirely across the surfaces of the four pieces and around the sides of each as would be necessary to locate the ends of the mortises, would injure the surfaces. Instead, pencil these lines and gage between the pencil lines. Cooks and epicures differ about the turning over of steaks; also about broiling them with or without salt; some say that they must not be turned over twice, others are of opinion that they must be turned over two or three, and even more times; some say that they must be salted and peppered before broiling, others say they must not; we have tried the two ways many times, and did not find any difference; if there is any difference at all, it is in the quality of the meat, or in the person's taste, or in the cook's care.
This is how it is made by the Harlem River clam-baker, Tom Riley.. Done on sand, the clams, in opening, naturally allow the sand to get in, and it is anything but pleasant for the teeth while eating them. See if the meat is fine, of a clear red color, with yellowish-white fat. Cow beef must also be of a clear red color, but more pale than other beef; the fat is white.
Always Brook Trout Apr. Lake Trout 4 to 9 lbs. Stones that have worn uneven may have their surfaces leveled by rubbing them on a piece of sandpaper or emery paper placed on a flat surface.
Suppose the grinding produced a bevel of about twenty-five degrees, in whetting, effort should be made to hold the blade so as to produce an angle slightly greater than this. The aim at all times should be to keep this second angle as near like the first as is possible and still get a straight bevel to the cutting edge.
Make mistakes in quantities of material when you are copying orders. The oil should be drawn to the place where the whetting is to be done, the back edge of the bevel being used to push and draw it to place. Always Haddock 5 to 8 lbs. Always Black Bass 3 lbs. Cusk 5 to 8 lbs.
Give someone a bowl of water and ask them to lay a pin on the surface of the water and leave it there. The pin naturally sinks to the bottom of the bowl, whereupon you complain that your directions have not been carried out properly; they are not likely to be unless the person to whom you hand the pin happens to know the secret of the trick. Lay a cigarette paper gently on the top of the water and put the pin on the paper. To use the cutter set the stop on the rod at the length you want to cut the tube; then put the rod with the cutter on it in the tube and with the seat outside; press the V rods together tight and turn it and the tube in opposite directions when it will make a good cut and you can break the tube in two easily.
The rod is mounted on a hardwood base so that it can revolve around the latter. After the cutter head is set on the rod for the size of the circle you intend to cut hold it down on the glass by the thumb-piece. Another most ingenious arrangement, also prepared by Mr. Darby, is termed by the inventor, the "Land and Water Signal," and may be thus described:—A short hollow ball of gutta-percha, or other convenient material, five or six inches in diameter, and filled with printed bills, or the information, whatever it may be, that is required to be sent, is attached to a cap to which a red flag, having the words "Open the shell." and four cross sticks, canes, or whalebones with bits of cork at equal distances, are fitted. It may also be served with a caper or maître d'hôtel sauce; or, when cold, serve à la vinaigrette. Salt salmon is also served like salt cod-fish. The cutter head is then moved round in a circle and a clean cut is made after which the edge of the disk can be smoothed up.
This circular glass cutter, which is called the Little Beauty, will cut a circle 20 inches in diameter and costs about 50 cents. If you are making a frictional electric machine this is the tool you need to cut the glass plates with. There are just two things you need to bend glass tubes with and these are a Bunsen burner and the glass tubing, both of which you can buy of Eimer and Amend, Fourth Avenue, Cor. The whole is connected by a string to the fuse as before described.
This is not a good fish fresh; it is generally preserved, and served as a hors-d'oeuvre. It comes from Holland, Italy, and the south of France. Fresh, it is prepared like sturgeon.
These signals are adapted for land and water: in either case they fall upright, and in consequence of the sticks projecting out they float well in the water, and can be seen by a telescope at a distance of three miles. The land and water signal, which remains upright on land, or floats on the surface of water. The water-tight gutta-percha shell, containing the message or information.
Before you do this, however, there is something to be done to the other end. You must cut a slot 1/2 in. To support this on the metal V pieces you will need a thin piece of steel—such as a piece of an old pocket-knife blade. Drop the cover over the bottle quickly and then apparently attempt to put the other cover over it. Two circular boxwood cisterns, to contain quicksilver, are supported upon the stage or shelf above the base.
Take a small lump of soft coal and reduce to powder by pounding. Screen out all the coarse pieces and put the remainder in the bag. A bent pointed wire is directed into the cup of each magnet, the ends of which dip into the mercury contained in the boxwood circular troughs on the stage. By using a battery to each magnet, and taking care that the currents of electricity flow precisely alike, they will then rotate in opposite directions. Directly after the ingenious experiments of Faraday became known, a great number of electro-magnetic engine models were constructed, and many thought that the time was fast approaching when steam would be superseded by electricity; and really, to see the pretty electro-magnetic models work with such amazing rapidity, it might be supposed that if they were constructed on a larger scale, a great amount of hard work could be obtained from them.
It is impossible to do this, of course, because the cover which held the shell bottle is the larger of the two; therefore you raise the larger cover again, leaving the shell bottle in its original position over the other bottle. Then put the smaller cover inside the larger one, pick up the bottle, taking care to hide the glass inside it, and place it behind your screen or on a side table. Then take away the glass and you are ready for the next trick. A word as to the appearance of the bottles and the covers. These can be bought at a conjuring shop and you will find that, as the Scotsman said of various brands of whiskey, "Some are better than others." You want a bottle which looks exactly like the real thing, and the only way of making quite sure of getting it is to take an empty bottle with you when you are buying the trick.
Note the slope of the "shoulder" of the bottle. The labelling you can do yourself. As to the covers, take care that they fit properly and are not too stiff. This idea, however, has been proved to be a fallacy, for reasons that will be presently explained.
It is made of wood and is in two halves, the "cope," or upper half, and the "drag," or lower part. The figure on p. 216 displays two of these engines, one of which represents the rotation of electro-magnets within four fixed steel magnets., and the other the rotation of steel magnets by the fixed electro-magnets.. A good way to make the flask is to take a box, say 12 in.
Split-pea Soup 1 pt. Instability when just at the edge. The leaden bullets raised to the top now show the result of persons suddenly rising, when the boat immediately turns over, and either sinks or floats on the surface with the keel upwards. The body of the sun is supposed to be a habitable globe like our own, and the heat and light are possibly thrown out from one of the atmospheric strata surrounding it. There are probably three of these strata, the one believed to envelope the body of the sun, and to be directly in contact with it, is called the cloudy stratum.; next to, and above this, is the luminous stratum, and this is supposed to be the source of heat and light; the third and last envelope is of a transparent gaseous nature.
The cause of this is explained by supposing that these various spots represent openings or breaks in the atmospheric strata, through which the black body of the sun is apparent or other portions of the three strata, just as if a black ball was covered with red, then with yellow, and finally with blue silk: on cutting through the blue the yellow is apparent; by snipping out pieces of the blue and yellow, the red becomes visible; and by slicing away a portion of the three silk coverings the black ball at last comes into view. The evolution of light is not, however, confined to the sun, and it emanates freely from terrestrial matter by mechanical action, either by friction, or in some cases by mere percussion.
Board cut and painted to represent the leaning-tower of Pisa. The centre of gravity and plummet line suspended from it. The hinge which attaches it to the base board.
Two billiard-cues arranged for the experiment and fixed to a board: the ball is rolling up.. Sections showing that the centre of gravity, c., is higher at a. Wash the bone, boil it for ten minutes in the water and skim it, add the peas and seasoning, bring all to a boil and put it into the cooker for four hours or more. Take out the bone and serve the soup without straining it.
Thus the axles of railway carriages soon become red hot by friction if the oil holes are stopped up; indeed hot axles are very frequent in railway travelling, and when this happens, a strong smell of burning oil is apparent, and flames come out of the axle box. The knife-grinder offers a familiar example of the production of light by the attrition of iron or steel against his dry grindstone. The peas must be cooked until they fall to pieces easily when well beaten. If desired, the meat may be taken from the bone, cut into small pieces and served in the soup. Oyster or Clam Stew 1 qt. Heat the oysters or clams in their liquor which has been strained through cheese-cloth.
Add the pepper and the hot milk and put the stew at once into a cooker for one-half hour or more. It will not be harmed by being kept hot in the cooker for another hour or more.
The little hearts may be painted upon the pieces as shown in the illustration, with a small brush and red paint, or may be cut out of red paper and glued to the wood. If desired, the bedroom furniture may be painted with white enamel. The author constructed many pieces of this furniture when a boy, and found them suitable as presents, and something that was always easy to sell. The cost of making a set amounts to but a few cents, cigar-boxes being the principal material. They are also very quickly made, as the boxes require but little cutting. For the construction of.
As the milk of healthy cows varies in composition within certain limits, it is necessary to have a standard of purity, which has been fixed upon in New York as follows: Nearly 1,000 cows have been examined, with reference to the specific gravity of their milk, in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut.
Rice may be used instead of tapioca. Serves six or eight persons. The maximum specific gravity was 1.039 in milk of an Alderney cow. The minimum for normal milk from a healthy cow was 1.029. Then nail the end across the tops of the remaining halves of the sides.
Excelsior is used by many kinds of merchants, and can be bought for about two cents a pound. Measure from the edge, along this line, or from this line along the edge any given distance. Take twice this distance upon the blade of the bevel and adjust so that a right triangle is formed in which the length of the longest side shall be twice that of the shortest. The spur should be sharpened to a knife point with a file so that it may make a fine smooth line. Are the living to remain idle whilst the unfortunate man is suffocating rapidly at the bottom of the pit? No; provided they do not venture themselves into the pit, they may try every known expedient to alter the condition of the foul air, so as to enable them to descend to the rescue.
Newspapers and hair, such as is used by plasterers, are available in city and country.
Serves forty-five to fifty persons. Vegetable Soup without Stock. The cover should fit securely into place. Serves forty-five or fifty persons.
This group of non-metallic elements has been frequently styled "Metalloids," meaning substances allied to, but not possessing, all the properties belonging to a metallic substance; and therefore perhaps the expression, non-metallic solids, is the best that can be adopted. They may be subdivided into two classes of three each, which have properties more or less allied to each other—viz., Carbon, Boron, Silicon; and Selenium, Sulphur, Phosphorus. Symbol, C; Combining Proportion, 6. Symbol, I; combining proportion, 127.1; specific gravity, 4.948. This element has almost the property of ubiquity, and is to be found not only in all animal and vegetable substances, in common air, sea, and fresh water, but also in various stones and minerals, and especially in chalk and limestone. Serve with it, and in a boat, the following: half a teaspoonful of salt, a pinch of pepper, two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, four of sweet oil, a pickled cucumber chopped fine, two hard-boiled eggs, chopped fine also, two or three anchovies, and a tablespoonful of capers; the anchovies may be chopped fine or pounded.
Brewster, speaking of the Koh-i-Noor, remarks that on placing it under a microscope, he observed several minute cavities surrounded with sectors of polarized light, which could only have been produced by the expansive action of a compressed gas or fluid., that had existed in the cavities when the diamond was in the soft. This last can scarcely be called either "odds" or "ends"; and you will probably have to purchase it at a shop selling model-engine fittings, but a few pence will cover the cost. You must get an eight-inch piece of solid drawn copper or brass tubing, with an inside diameter of 1/8 in. This must be done very gently, otherwise you will crack or dent it. The loop shown should have a diameter of about 5/8 to 3/4 of an inch. The actual boat itself can be of any shape.
Now it is known that bamboo, which is of a highly silicious nature, has the property of depositing in its joints a peculiar form of silica, called tabasheer.
Saw out the rockers very particularly so as not to split off the ends. If it were possible to bore or dig a gallery through the whole substance of the earth from pole to pole, and then to allow a stone or the fabled Mahomet's coffin to fall through it, the momentum—i.e., the force of the moving body, would carry it beyond the centre of gravity. This force, however, being exhausted, there would be a retrograde movement, and after many oscillations it would gradually come to rest, and then, unsupported by anything material, it would be suspended by the force of gravitation, and now enter into and take part in the general attracting force; and being equally attracted on every side, the stone or coffin must be totally without weight.
Inclined planes, gradually decreasing in height, cut out of inch mahogany, with a groove at the top to carry an ordinary marble. A lobster boiled after being dead is watery, soft, and not full; besides being very unhealthy, if not dangerous. Fasten the pieces to the cradle box with brads driven through the box bottom into their top edge. After the cigar-box toys have been made, rub down the wood with fine sandpaper.
In putting it in boiling water it is killed by the heat; in cold water it is dead as soon as the water gets warm. Lay it in a fish-kettle; just cover it with cold water, cover the kettle, and set it on a sharp fire. It takes from fifteen to twenty-five minutes' boiling, according to the size of the lobster.
Apply the oil with a rag, then wipe off all surplus oil with a dry cloth.
A poached egg is sometimes served in each plate of soup. Serves sixteen or twenty persons. Soak it for one hour in enough cold water to cover it. Boil it in a covered pail for twenty minutes with three quarts of salted water and the vegetables and seasoning, and put it into the cooker for from nine to twelve hours. Remove the head; cut off the face meat and reserve it; boil the stock until it is reduced to one quart. Place the body of the lobster on the middle of a dish, the head up, the two large claws stretched out, and the two feelers stretched out also and fastened between the claws.
A sprig of parsley is put in each claw, at the end of it, in the small claws as well as in the two large ones.
It makes a simple, good, and very sightly dish. Mark the legs 2-3/4 in. Cut six pieces, 17-1/2 in. Take a piece of tracing-paper or any thin transparent paper, and place it over the pattern and make an exact copy; then rub a soft lead-pencil over the other side of the paper, turn the paper over with the blackened side down, and transfer the drawing six times upon a piece of lightweight cardboard. Draw this out upon a piece of cardboard, cut it out and fold along the dotted lines, then turn in the flaps and glue them to the dashboard and to the back.
I used one of these cylinders at St. George's Hall some years ago. It is advisable to produce a flag in the first place, because you are then able to get away with the india-rubber cover behind it; the cover can easily be pulled away and hidden afterwards as you put the flag down. It is a good plan, after the production of the first flag, to take out a number of compressible things. Clean it up and give it a coat of black Japan or dead black. This is a box trap with glass sides and back, the panes of glass being held in place by brads placed on both sides.
Then add about four ounces of rice, washed in cold water, continue boiling until the chicken is overdone and tender.
The same with Broth. The chimney may be lower than the adjoining wall, and the wind from certain directions, striking the wall, may be directed down the flues. This may be remedied by extending the chimney above the wall, or by capping the flues with one of the various cowls that prevent a downward draught.
Keep on sawing them off and filing them down until you have them all done and all in tune. How to Play the Tubaphone. Under some circumstances, you may be able to destroy oil outright rather than interfere with its effectiveness, by removing stop-plugs from lubricating systems or by puncturing the drums and cans in which it is stored. To make the potage richer, cook the chicken and rice in broth instead of water, and proceed as above for the rest.
The same with consommé. Make the door and window casings, picture-moldings, and baseboards out of strips of cigar-box wood.
6-penny nails to construct table. Nail the bottom shelf at an equal distance from the bottom of the legs. Fill a wine glass with cold water, pour lightly upon its surface a little ether; light it by a slip of paper, and it will burn for some time.
When boiling put it again into the cooker for ten hours or more.
On a lump of refined sugar let fall a few drops of phosphuretted ether, and put the sugar into a glass of warm water, which will instantly appear on fire at the surface, and in waves, if gently blown with the breath. This experiment should be exhibited in the dark. It may take several days.
Make a syrup, using two cupfuls of sugar to each cupful of water, bring the ginger to a boil in this syrup, set it in a cooker for five or six hours; remove the ginger, boil the syrup down to a rich consistency, and pour it over the ginger. It is made of boxes and should be put at some place convenient to the work table so the woman will not have to move to get these things when preparing a meal. 12 salt boxes used as drawers in the compartments. 8-penny nails to be used in the construction of the cabinet.
12 round-head screws to be used as knobs. Directions.: Remove the sides from the box, making them the exact length of the inside of the box. Heat the milk over hot water, add it, one-third at a time, to the butter and flour, stirring constantly and allowing the mixture to become perfectly smooth and glossy before adding more milk.
This compound, being insoluble in water, renders it turbid. The degree of turbidity may be judged of by looking through the water at a cross marked in lead-pencil on the inside of a piece of paper pasted on the opposite side of the bottle, and a standard may be fixed by shaking up ordinary external air in a sixteen-ounce bottle, as described below, which will show the degree of turbidity produced by 4 parts of carbonic acid in 10,000.
With a common hand-ball syringe, the end of the rubber tube resting on the bottom of the bottle, pump in air, until the bottle is filled with the air to be tested. Put in half an ounce of lime-water, cork the bottle, and shake it up well. Let it stand for five minutes, and if the water becomes turbid, as if a little milk had been dropped into it, the presence of carbonic acid in the air will be indicated in the following proportions. Trim and tuck in the ends of the strip at the back edge. When fixed this way your magazines make one of the most valuable volumes you can possibly add to your library of mechanical books. A Homemade Acetylene-Gas Generator.
Size of bottle.ounces Amount oflime-water. It is believed, too, that typhus fever may originate in this manner, while when such poisons are inhaled in a more concentrated form, as in the famous Black Hole of Calcutta, nausea, vertigo, convulsions, and even death are produced.
On top and over can D is soldered a large tin can screw. Make an oval opening by filing or grinding. A rubber washer is fitted on this so that when the screw top, E, is turned on it, the joint will be gas tight. In certain diseases, commonly known as contagious, organic matters are thrown off by the lungs and skin of the sick, which tend to reproduce these diseases in the bodies of other persons.
In commencing this portion of electrical science, we have no new terms to coin for the title of the discourse, as we merely reverse the other when we examine the nature and peculiarities of. Pivot the Windmill upon the top of a post support, in the same manner as directed for the other windmills. How the Windmill may be Rigged up to Operate a Toy Jumping-Jack. The source of the power must necessarily be a bar or horse-shoe shaped piece of steel permanently endowed with magnetism.
Of course, if you are performing with a borrowed pack of cards you will have to seize your opportunity to do this when the attention of the audience is directed to another trick, or you can do it before your performance begins. To show the important elementary truth, that in all cases of electrical excitation the two kinds of electricity are generated, take a dry roll of flannel, and holding it as lightly as possible, rub it against a bit of wax. Coil of copper wire. Permanent bar magnet placed inside the coil, when the galvanometer needle, d., is deflected. To Operate a Toy Jumping-Jack, by supporting the jumping-Jack on a bracket, and connecting its string to the hub of the windmill.
The Malay tailless kite is probably the most practical kind ever invented. It will fly in a wind that the tail variety could not withstand, and it will fly in a breeze too light to carry up most other forms of kites. It is also a strong pulling kite, and can be used for sending aloft lanterns and flags. The rapid entrance and exit of the steel magnet in the helix of copper wire would be insufficient to produce any quantity of electricity, and the ingenuity of man has been taxed to arrange a method by which a magnet may be suddenly formed and destroyed inside a coil of insulated copper wire. The difficulty, however, has been surmounted by several ingenious contrivances, based on the principles first discovered by Faraday; and the one especially to be noticed is the revolution of a coil of copper wire enclosing a piece of soft iron, called the armature., before the poles of a powerful magnet. M. Clarke described a very ingenious modification of the electro-magnetic machine, which is depicted below.
The four balls—viz., the iron, the two wax, and the cork balls, are allowed to slide down the long glass, which is inclined at an angle; and then, by means of the tube and funnel, pour in the tincture of cochineal, and all the balls will remain at the bottom of the glass.
Thirdly, the solution of white vitriol, upon which the second wax ball takes its place; and lastly, the quicksilver is poured down the tube, and upon this heavy metallic fluid the iron or glass ball floats like a cork on water. A more permanent arrangement can be devised by using liquids which have no affinity, or will not mix with each other—such as mercury, water, and turpentine. The specific weight or weights of an equal measure of air and other gases is determined on the same principle as liquids, although a different apparatus is required. A light capped glass globe, with stop-cock, from 50 to 100 cubic inches capacity, is weighed full of air, then exhausted by an air-pump, and weighed empty, the loss being taken as the weight of its volume of air; these figures are carefully noted, because air. One of the most curious paradoxes is displayed in the ascent of a billiard-ball from the thin to the thick ends of two billiard-cues placed at an angle, as in our drawing above; here the centre of gravity is raised at starting, and the ball moves in consequence of its actually falling. Much of the stability of a body depends on the height through which the centre of gravity must be elevated before the body can be overthrown.
A spur center is screwed to the spindle and this holds the wood tightly in place while it is being turned.
Two adjoining rooms might have their looking-glasses arranged in that manner, provided there is a passage running behind them. A mirror at an angle of 45 degrees. The arrows show the direction of the reflected image. The tailstock has two adjustments, the first of which allows it to be slipped back and forth on the bed and clamped at any point which gives a rough adjustment, and the second is a spindle which is threaded on one end and has a taper center, that is a sharp point on the other end.
The stand it rests upon, and with which it is in communication, contains the condenser..
Now place the kettle on a more moderate fire, add one gill of cold water, and begin to skim off the scum, which will take only a few minutes. The lower end of the bar should be marked before it is fastened to the poker, so that the poles may be readily distinguished from each other when it is taken off; the upper end being the south pole, and the lower the north. Scatter some iron filings upon a piece of paper, and hold a magnet underneath it. The instant the contact takes place, the filings will raise themselves upright, and fall down as soon as the magnet is withdrawn. Same width as 2.
Same width as 1. Same width as 1.
If it be attracted at both poles, you may then conclude that the substance so tested is not magnetic. In using this apparatus, eight pairs of Grove's battery will be quite sufficient to produce the effects, and the greatest care must be taken to avoid the shock, which is most severe and painful, and might do a great deal of harm to a weakly, sensitive, and nervous person. One end of Ruhmkorff's coil. Connexion to receive the battery wires.
In this position no shock can be received, because the electricity is cut off by the ivory from the coil. It is at the other extremity of the coil that the experiments are performed; for instance, if an exhausted globe is connected with the pillars b b. End of coil where the experiments are performed.
Same width as 1. This may be done by stroking a piece of hard steel with a natural or artificial magnet. Take a common sewing-needle, and pass the north pole of a magnet from the eye to the point, pressing it gently in so doing. The screws are supported on insulating glass pillars, p p.. After reaching the end of the needle, the magnet must not be passed back again towards the eye, but must be lifted up and applied again to that end, the friction being always in the same direction.
The phial will soon be filled with a heavy gas of a deep yellow color. Tie a small test tube at right angles to the end of a stick not less than a yard long, put a little ether into the tube, and pour it gently into the phial of gas, when an instantaneous explosion will take place, and the ether will be set on fire. This experiment should be performed in a place where there are no articles of furniture to be damaged, as the ingredients are often scattered by the explosion, and the oil of vitriol destroys all animal and vegetable substances.
The iron will take fire and burn with a brilliant light, throwing out bright scintillations, which are oxide of iron, formed by the union of the gas with the iron; and they are so intensely hot, that some of them will probably melt their way into the sides of the jar, if not through them. But by far the most intense heat, and most brilliant light, may be produced by introducing a piece of phosphorus into a jar of oxygen. The phosphorus may be placed in a small copper cup, with a long handle of thick wire passing through a hole in a cork that fits the jar.
The phosphorus must first be ignited; and as soon as it is introduced into the oxygen, it gives out a light so brilliant that no eye can bear it, and the whole jar appears filled with an intensely luminous atmosphere. It is well to dilute the oxygen with about one fourth part of common air, to moderate the intense heat, which is nearly certain to break the jar, if pure oxygen is used.
Bruise some fresh prepared crystals of nitrate of copper, spread them over a piece of tin foil, sprinkle them with a little water; then fold up the foil tightly, as rapidly as possible, and in a minute or two it will become red hot, the tin apparently burning away. In rabbeting across the grain the spur must be set parallel with the edges of the cutter. The mortises are cut before the rabbets are worked. This heat is produced by the energetic action of the tin on the nitrate of copper, taking away its oxygen in order to unite with the nitric acid, for which, as well as for the oxygen, the tin has a much greater affinity than the copper has. The tenons are laid out so that the shoulder on one side shall extend as far beyond the shoulder on the opposite side as the rabbet is deep.
To place glass panels in rabbets, first place a slight cushion of putty in the rabbet that the glass may rest against it. A light cushion between the glass and the fillet will serve to keep the glass from breaking and will keep it from rattling. The many forms of round-bottomed glass bottles used in chemical laboratories require some special kind of support on which they can be safely placed from time to time when the chemist does not, for the moment, need them. Mark with a trysquare and saw off the lugs, the parts of the stiles which project beyond the rails.
It will be convenient to have also a larger pail for large pieces of meat, such as hams. Method of packing the box. For magic lanterns and slides address the Charles Beseler Co., 131 East 23rd Street, New York.
This will vary somewhat with the different insulating materials used. These may be classified as: Those into which the cooking utensil may be set without any intervening covering, among which are hay, excelsior, and paper. Those requiring a covering material to keep them in place and to protect them from contact with the utensil, among which are wool, mineral wool, cork, sawdust, and cotton.
Scrub new beets, that is, those freshly pulled.
Cross-section of the Box-kite. Cut off the stalks three inches from the beets, put them into four quarts or more of boiling, salted water, boil five minutes, and put them into a cooker for five hours or more. In this way the frames will keep the cloth or paper bands stretched tight. The notched ends of the diagonals should be lashed with thread to keep them from splitting.
Old beets, if wilted, should be soaked till firm, and cooked as new beets. They will require six or more hours according to their age and condition. Well this is one way to make electricity without apparatus though you need a cat to do it with. A cat is not apparatus but only a kitten growed up.
The entire screen will then appear to be a vivid green for about one second, after which it assumes its normal color. The audience see both hands on the top edge of the cloth and therefore are convinced that you are not removing the hat. Two finishing nails were driven in, as shown in the sketch. These were connected to terminals of an induction coil.
Put the pieces of fish in also, add salt and pepper, to taste, cover the whole with fish-broth, boil gently till the fish is cooked, and serve warm.
As soon as either the chicken or duck, etc., is done, take it from the kettle. When the whole is cooked, drain. Put the liquor back in the kettle with a middling-sized head of cabbage cut in four, or about the same quantity of sour-krout, slices of carrots and onions, pearl-barley, semoule, or gruel; simmer about three hours, and it is done.
Just cover the whole with cold water, and skim carefully as soon as the scum comes on the surface. When skimmed, add a gill of dry peas, previously soaked in water for an hour, half a small head of cabbage, pimento to taste, one carrot, one turnip, two leeks, three or four stalks of celery, same of parsley, two of thyme, two cloves, two onions, two cloves of garlic, ten pepper-corns, and some mace; fill up with water so that the whole is just covered, and simmer for about five hours. In case the water should simmer away too much, add a little more. Somebody will be sure to pick up the hat to see if the water is in the glass; then you drink the water. You have performed the feat of drinking the water without lifting the hat. A more difficult experiment—until you know the secret.
In paper making, the pores of this material, unless filled up or sized, cause the ink to blot or spread by capillary attraction. The porosity of soils is one of the great desideratums of the skilful agriculturist, and drainage is intended to remove the excess of water which would fill the pores of the earth, to the exclusion of the more valuable dews and rains conveying nutritious matter derived from manures and the atmosphere. Oil, wax, and tallow, all rise by capillary attraction in the wicks to the flame, where they are boiled, converted into gas, and burnt. The solution of acetate of lead.
The clear liquid, separated from the sulphate of lead in b.. A piece of tin, E, is cut V-shaped at each end and bent up at the ends to form bearings for the pins. The silk thread C is fastened to the wooden axle and is wrapped one or two turns around it, so that when the thread is pulled the pointer will move on the scale. For this reason a very small shrinkage of B, such as occurs when the atmosphere is dry, will cause an increased movement of C, which will be further increased in the movement of the pointer. An instrument of this kind is very interesting and costs nothing to make. The motor will soon pay for itself in the saving of laundry bills.
At the end of this time they are perfectly clean, and I have noticed that they wear twice as long as when I sent them to the laundry. Contributed by Reader, Denver.
It is the simplest thing in the world for a sneak thief to slip a thin knife between the door-casing and the strip, push back the bolt, and walk in. Fortunately, it is equally easy to block that trick. Take a narrow piece of tin 3 or 4 in.
Suppose the number chosen to be nine, to which is to be added one, making ten, and which last, being tripled, gives thirty. Then: 1st case. In my own practice, I carry out this part of the work thoroughly, then dry the prints and lay aside these dark ones until there is an accumulation of a dozen or more, doing this to avoid too frequent use of the very poisonous bleaching solution.
The Kite Sticks, though any strong, light-weight wood of straight grain may be used if easier to obtain. The bleacher is made up as follows and should be plainly marked "Poison." Cyanide of potassium. Place the dry print, without previous wetting, in this solution. Contributed by Victor Labadie, Dallas, Texas. Stir and mix thoroughly.
The half of the last half, 1 being again added, is 18 Here we see, that in the second and third case, one had to be added, and, looking at the table, we find that the only corresponding word having an i in its second and third syllables is Ob-tin-git, which represents the figures one and nine. Then, as one had to be added in the fourth case, we know by the rule, that the figure in the second column, 9, is the one required. Observe, that if no addition be required at any of the four stages, the number thought of will be fifteen; and if one addition only be required at the fourth stage, the number will be seven. This is an elegant application of the principles involved in discovering a number fixed upon.
In cleaning silver, it is best to wash it first in hot water and white soap and then use the polishing cloths. The cloths can be used until they are worn to shreds. Do not wash them.
Knives, forks, spoons and other small pieces of silver will keep bright and free from tarnish if they are slipped into cases made from the gray outing flannel and treated with the compound. Separate bags for such pieces as the teapot, coffee pot, hot-water pot, cake basket and other large pieces of silverware will keep them bright and shining. Books having a flexible back are difficult to hold in an upright position when copying from them. A makeshift combination of paperweights and other books is often used, but with unsatisfactory results.
The presence of the carbonic acid in the hydrogen bottle is easily proved by pouring in a wine-glassful of clear lime-water, which speedily becomes milky, owing to the production of carbonate of lime; whilst the proof of the hydrogen being present in the carbonic acid is established by absorbing the latter with a little cream of lime—i.e., slacked lime mixed to the consistence of cream with some water—and setting fire to the hydrogen that remains, which burns quietly with a yellowish flame if unmixed with air; but if air be admitted to the bottle, the mixture of air and hydrogen inflames rapidly, and with some noise. If a tolerably large jar containing hydrogen is now placed over the porous cell, bubbles of gas make their escape at the end of the tube, because the hydrogen diffuses itself more rapidly into the porous cell than the air which it already contains passes out. When the jar is removed, the reverse occurs, hydrogen diffuses out of the porous cell, and the blue liquid rises in the tube. This diffusive force prevents the accumulation of the various noxious gases on the earth, and spreads them rapidly through the great bulk of the atmosphere surrounding the globe. The jar of hydrogen.
First name the ace of spades.
The wire and stand supporting the porous cell and tube in tumbler. A barrel is sunk in the ground in a shady place, allowing plenty of space about the outside to fill in with gravel. A quantity of small stones and sand is first put in wet. Although air and other gases are invisible, they possess the property of impenetrability, as may be easily proved by various experiments.
A box is placed in the hole over the top of the barrel and filled in with clay or earth well tamped. Elliott Brothers, of 30, Strand, now supply excellent small machines at a very low cost, it is hardly worth while to incur even a small expense for an instrument that must at the best be a very imperfect one and frequently out of order.
This is called air seasoning. Having opened a pair of common bellows, stop up the nozzle securely, and it is then impossible to shut them; or, fill a bladder with air by blowing into it, and tie a string fast round the neck; you then find that you cannot, without breaking the bladder, press the sides together. It is customary to say that a vessel is empty when we have poured out the water which it contained. Having provided two glass vessels full of water, place each of them in an empty white pan, to receive the overflow, then lay an orange upon the surface of the water of one of them, and being provided with a cylindrical glass, open at one end, with a hole in the centre of the closed end, place your finger firmly over the orifice, and endeavour, by inverting the glass over the orange, and pressing upon the surface of the water, to make it enter the interior of the glass cylinder; the resistance of the air will now cause the water to overflow into the white pan, whilst the orange will not enter. The porous condition of the gravel drains the surplus water after a rain. The end of the barrel is fitted with a light cover and a heavy door hinged to the box.
Boiled Leg or Shoulder of Mutton. Wipe the meat with a damp cloth, put it into a cooker-pail with boiling salted water enough to cover it, and to permit of at least three or four quarts of water being used, the amount depending upon the size of the leg. Boil it for half an hour and cook it in the cooker for six hours or more.
A spur center is screwed to the spindle and this holds the wood tightly in place while it is being turned. The rest, which is adjustable, is used to lay your turning tool on and so keep it in position. Even where the entire meal is not cooked in a fireless cooker, it may be convenient to have one or two dishes so prepared, and the remainder served cold or cooked on the stove. Consommé Fricasseed chicken Samp Winter squash Creamed turnips Stewed figs with cream.
Served after theatre or entertainment, the hot dish to be put into the cooker before going out. A long and short rest usually go with the better lathes. Ready to serve at once. Reading references and experiments illustrating the principles upon which fireless cookery is based. A test of the insulating powers of different materials.
After the combustion has ceased and the whole is cool, a little tincture of litmus may also be poured in and shaken about, when it likewise turns red, proving for the third time the generation of an acid body, called carbonic acid—an acid, like the others already mentioned, of great value, and one which Nature employs on a stupendous scale as a means of providing plants, &c., with solid charcoal.
Into a deflagrating spoon place a bit of potassium, set this on fire by holding it in the spoon in the flame of a spirit-lamp, and then rapidly plunge the burning metal into a bottle of oxygen. The size of this convenience varies with the material available for making the device and with the size of the family. Materials.: 10' of oak.
Directions.: Measure and saw the handles the right dimensions. The space around the cans should be at least 2 inches, and filled with straw or wood shavings, etc. The top of the cans should be covered with a pad filled with straw or shavings, etc. A brilliant ignition occurs in the deflagrating spoon for a few seconds, and there is little or no smoke in the jar.
Add the cream and, when boiling, the raw yolks of two eggs which have been slightly beaten. An infertile egg will be clear, while a fertile egg has a spider-like center with threads leading out from it. Stir it constantly for about two minutes until the eggs have cooked. Then add two tablespoonfuls of Madeira wine and the yolks of two hard-cooked eggs cut into quarters.
Experiments undertaken under the management of the Department of Agriculture have resulted in the conclusion that pork is as thoroughly and easily digested, under normal conditions of health, as any meat, although personal experience would indicate that pork does not agree with some people as well as other kinds of meat. It is specially important, however, that pork be very well cooked or well cured, in order to insure against the danger from trichinosis. Ransom that it is only by eating raw or insufficiently cooked or cured pork that there is thought to be any danger of this disease. Curing is the process of smoking, salting, or combined salting and smoking of meat, which acts as a preservative for it.
We thus see that, not only because it is a white meat, as mentioned in the chapter on veal, pork and pork products should be cooked until very well done. Office of Experiment Stations, Bulletin 193, 1907. Such a window box can be made by anyone having usual mechanical ability, and will furnish more opportunities for artistic and original design than many other articles of more complicated construction. The box should be well nailed or screwed together and should then be painted all over to make it more durable. A number of 1/2-in.
Into the saucer, which is somewhat suspiciously thick. There is a hole in the centre of the saucer and the hole in the bottom of the cup goes exactly over the hole in the saucer. Put one-fourth of the crumbs in the bottom of a baking dish, add half the oysters, half the salt and pepper and celery leaves; repeat these layers, pour over it the oyster juice, and put the remaining crumbs on top. Bake it in an insulated oven till brown, as directed for scalloped dishes, page 225.
A small lump of copper, or "Dutch metal," will not burn as above, but will be slowly acted upon, like the antimony. Thus, when the water is poured into the cup it finds its way directly into the saucer and the cup can at once be lifted up. If double this recipe is used allow three-quarters of an hour for the baking, and do not heat the stones quite so hot. The trick is more suitable for a stage than for a drawing-room; even a little confetti makes a big litter in a room.
The conjurer begins by showing a large metal cylinder closed at one end. Macaroni and Cheese. The process by which it is obtained offers a good example of chemical affinity; the water of the mineral spring is evaporated, all crystallizable salts removed, and a current of chlorine gas passed through the remaining solution, which changes to a yellow colour, in consequence of the liberation of the bromine by the combinations of chlorine with the bases previously united with the former; the liquid is then shaken with ether, which dissolves out the bromine. In the next place, the etherial solution is agitated with strong solution of potassa, and is thus obliged to part with the bromine which is converted into bromate of potassa; this is ultimately changed by fusion to bromide of potassium; and by distillation with black oxide of manganese and sulphuric acid, the bromine is finally obtained.
Bromine is a very heavy fluid, which should be preserved by keeping it in a bottle covered with water; when required, a few drops may be removed by means of a small tube, and dropped into a warm bottle, which is quickly filled with the orange-red vapour. If some phosphorus is placed in a deflagrating spoon, and exposed to the action of bromine vapour, it takes fire spontaneously. He rattles his wand inside it and then holds it with its end facing the audience. But he does not hold it perfectly still. If he is performing in a room with the front rows of his audience close to him the utmost he can do—in the way of showing the interior of the cylinder—is to point it to the audience on his right and then bring it round with a quick sweep to the audience on his left. It is as well to have an assistant for this trick, but the assistant must be "in the know"—the conjurer's very own assistant, because he—or, better still, she—is asked to hold the cylinder with both hands while the conjurer fills it with water, and the conjurer cannot allow a member of the audience to undertake that task.
The water should be poured in from a height, so that the audience can see that real water is used, and that it really does go into the cylinder.
If nitrites are present, there will be an immediate blue color. This done, set the slide valve in the steam chest; slip the slide valve rod through the head and glue it to the slide valve. When you have the tubes done glue, or otherwise fix, one of the short ones into the intake port of the steam chest and the other short one into the middle, or exhaust port in the bottom of the steam chest; then glue, or fix the two long tubes into the end holes, or ports, of the steam chest and the holes in the cylinders.
When using the plane, stand with the right side to the bench; avoid a stooping position. The plane should rest flat upon the wood from start to finish.
If the red color disappears in one half hour, add more. For every drop that loses color in the half-pint there will be found one and a half to two grains of putrid organic matter in a gallon of the water. If the action is rapid, the matter is probably animal; if slow, vegetable.
To purify such water, if it must be used, drop in the solution until a slight red tinge remains.
Place the ground coffee in the filter, and as soon as the water begins to boil, pour just enough of it over the coffee to wet it. The front end of the crankshaft must be supported by a pillow block just as it is in a real engine, but the rear end is held in place by a board screwed to the back of the base. To put the engine together, or assemble it as it is called, screw the cylinder to the base-board, then glue or screw the piston rod guide block to the base; the slide valve rod guide block to the back board, and the pivot block for the rocker arm to the base-board. In every household there are countless things which are thrown away immediately they have served one purpose.
Boil it for half an hour and cook it in the cooker for six hours or more. The broth should be saved for soup stock and gravy. Serve it with brown gravy or with caper sauce. Shoulder will not require more than twenty minutes boiling, but will take the full time in the cooker. Lamb may be treated in the same manner.
Then pack the cushion tightly with the same packing. Any convenient box may be used and any can of convenient size, such as a lard can, etc. The cans should be wrapped with about 4 or 5 layers of asbestos paper. The space around the cans should be at least 2 inches, and filled with straw or wood shavings, etc.
The top of the cans should be covered with a pad filled with straw or shavings, etc. Then take a tube, either of glass or metal, and introduce one end of it through a cork, which place in the bottle, then put the other end into the neck of the balloon, and the gas will rise into the body of it.
If freed it will now rise in the air. Cut the gores, according to the form already given, from well woven tissue paper, paste the gores nicely together, and look well over the surface of the paper for any small hole or slit, over which paste a piece of paper, and let it dry. Pass a wire round the neck of the balloon, and have two cross pieces at its diameter a little bent, so that a piece of soft cotton dipped in spirits of wine may be laid on them.
When all is prepared let some one hold the balloon from its top by means of a stick, while you dip the cotton in spirits of wine till it is thoroughly saturated, place it under the balloon and set fire to it, but be very careful you do not set fire to the balloon. This device is invaluable to the housekeeper who does her own work. Serve it with brown gravy, saving the remaining broth for soup stock. When the air is sufficiently heated within, the balloon will indicate a desire to rise, and when it pulls very hard, let it go, and it will ascend to a great height in the air, and at night present a very beautiful appearance.
A small steel square is better in every way for metal work than a carpenters' try square but you will find it quite expensive. The advantage of spring dividers over the ordinary kind is that you can set them very accurately and they will stay where you set them. In scribing a circle with a pair of dividers mark the center with your center punch first as this will prevent your dividers from slipping. The floors of the bath-room and kitchen should be covered with oilcloth. The iodine is contained in the largest proportion in the deep sea plants, such as the long elastic stems of the fucus palmatus, &c.
The kelp is lixiviated with water, and after separating all the crystallizable salts, there remains behind a dense oily-looking fluid, called "iodine ley," to which sulphuric acid is added, and after standing a day or two the acid "ley" is placed in a large leaden retort, and heated gently with black oxide of manganese. The chlorine being produced very slowly, liberates the iodine, as already demonstrated in experiment seven, p.
Lace Curtains made out of scraps of lace. In either case you measure the distance between the points of your caliper with your rule to find the diameter of the thing.
All metal work becomes easy if you have a set of these screw cutting tools and it is next to impossible to make things if you haven't got them. When you are cutting threads in a piece of metal with the tap, the hole in the metal must of course be a trifle smaller than the diameter of the tap; the tap is put into a handle called a stock and as you cut the threads in the metal don't turn the stock continuously around but give it one complete turn forward and then half-a-turn backward and you will be less apt to break the tap. The same method holds good when you are cutting threads on a rod with a die; in this case the rod must be a little larger than the hole in the die. 133, and it is collected in glass receivers. Iodine, when quite pure and well crystallized, has a most beautiful metallic lustre, and presents a bluish-black colour, affording an odour which reminds one at once of the "sea smell." First Experiment. In threading iron use plenty of oil on the tap or die, but for brass and the softer metals a lubricant is not needed.
To do this, bore a small hole at each end, and blow. Of course, if you have ever collected birds' eggs, and are an adept at egg-blowing, you will only need one hole.
Warehouses are obviously the most promising targets but incendiary sabotage need not be confined to them alone. Whenever possible, arrange to have the fire start after you have gone away. Use a candle and paper, combination, setting it as close as possible to the inflammable material you want to burn: From a sheet of paper, tear a strip three or four centimeters wide and wrap it around the base of the candle two or three times. The colors appear different to different people, and are changed by reversing the rotation.
Cards from a Tapered Deck.
When you use a mallet as for driving chisels hold it rather close to its head, and need I tell you never to use a wooden mallet to drive nails with. How to Use a Saw. To start the saw put it on the mark where you want to saw the board and rest your thumb against the side of it to guide and steady it.
It is evident that any card reversed in this way can be easily separated from the other cards in the pack, which makes it possible to perform the following trick: The performer spreads the cards out, fan-like, and asks an observer to withdraw a card, which is then replaced in any part of the pack. Twist more sheets of paper into loose ropes and place them around the base of the candle.
Of course this does not apply to a back saw or a keyhole saw. After thoroughly shuffling the cards the performer then holds the deck in both hands behind his back and pronouncing a few magic words, produces the card selected in one hand and the rest of the pack in the other. When the candle flame reaches the encircling strip, it will be ignited and in turn will ignite the surrounding paper.
All you will have to do in making. The cypress is a large deciduous tree occupying much of the swamp and overflow land along the coast and rivers of the Southern States. This maneuver generally disarms all suspicion, for the picker-up is sure to examine it very closely.
For the pedal may be substituted a lever running immediately under the surface of the table, if the performer prefers to have a short cloth on it. There should be always two cloths on the table; the lower one thick and soft, to prevent jingling of objects, and the upper one white, as it displays everything better than a colored one. Usually it is stiff, quite strong, of even texture and more or less resinous.
The sapwood is yellowish white; the heartwood, orange brown. A Wardrobe will be to fasten some small hooks inside of a cigar-box, attach the cover with a strip of linen—the same way it was attached before you soaked it off—and hang a mirror on the front. These pieces of furniture were designed for separate sets, and would not do for doll-houses the size of those in the preceding chapters, unless the boxes were cut down to smaller proportions.
Fasten a pulley 4 or 6 in. Connect the nozzle to a water faucet by means of a piece of hose; place the outlet over a drain, and belt the motor direct to the washing-machine, sewing machine, ice-cream freezer, drill press, dynamo or any other machinery requiring not more than 1/2 hp. This motor has been in use in our house for two years in all of the above ways, and has never once failed to give perfect satisfaction. It is obvious that, had the wheel and paddles been made of brass, it would be more durable, but as it would have cost several times as much, it is a question whether it would be more economical in the end. If sheet-iron is used, a coat of heavy paint would prevent rust and therefore prolong the life of the motor. The motor will soon pay for itself in the saving of laundry bills.
At the end of this time they are perfectly clean, and I have noticed that they wear twice as long as when I sent them to the laundry. Making a Silhouette with the Camera. Serves five or six persons.
Patterns for the Automobile Touring-car.
Serves six or eight persons. The bent edges of these pieces are shown by dotted lines in the illustration. You can cut out between the spokes, if you wish, or leave them solid. The guards should be placed a little above the tops of the wheels. A strip of cardboard about the size of that used for the upright of the steering-wheel should be cut for.
The Chauffeur should now be made. Paint the hat, coat, sleeves, and gloves a leather color, and the face flesh color. By thus attaching the body to the end of the hammer, and winding up the small spring, the chauffeur will shake violently when the auto runs across the floor, showing the vibrations of the machine in a greatly exaggerated and amusing manner.
Screw the toy motor to the cigar-box with its pulley directly in line with the upper shaft pulley. Two Home-made Battery Cells Connected in Series. Two glass tumblers to hold the solution, a pair of battery zincs, a pair of carbons, and a bi-chromate of potash solution, are needed. Twisting the connecting wires into coils, as shown, is a good method of taking up the slack.
Take two strips of stout cloth, about 8 or 10 in. If you have access to a printer's paper knife, trim both ends and the front edge; this makes a much nicer book, but if the paper knife cannot be used, clamp the whole between two boards and saw off the edges, boards and all, smoothly, with a fine saw. Cut four pieces of cardboard, 1/4 in.
Use ordinary flour paste and paste the strips to the cardboard and then rub paste all over the top of the strips and the board. There is quite a variety of scales. Let it be observed, in reference to the first experiment, that a number of handkerchiefs are collected in the early part of the evening for various illusions, and that many of them appear for a time on the performer's table.
Provided with a collection of these articles, from the handsome silk handkerchief to one trimmed with lace, used by a fashionable lady, he could easily substitute his own of the same kind for those of his auditory, as the curtain falls, according to the arrangements of the evening, between the collection of the handkerchiefs and the subsequent processes. His own handkerchiefs, therefore, are washed and placed in the vase already described; and the so-called change into flowers is nothing more than the retention of the handkerchiefs in the lower part of the apparatus, which the figure illustrates, while the upper part holds the flowers till they are scattered among the spectators.
In the diagram A., the box is shown as empty. Rub paste over one side of another piece of board and put it on top of the first board and strips, pressing down firmly so that the strips are held securely between the two boards. Turn the book over and do the same with the other two boards. Whatever scale is used, the numbers placed upon the drawing must represent the size of the object and not of the drawing. It will be seen that there are different kinds of lines.
Same width as 2. Same width as 1. At B., we have a representation of the box containing the handkerchiefs.
The flames of combustible gases from various sources are differently affected, both by the nature of the combustible and by the nearness of the poles. Effect of magnetism on candle-flame between the poles of the magnet. It was these experiments that led to the important discovery of the paramagnetic property of oxygen, and proved in a decided manner that gaseous bodies when heated became more highly diamagnetic. A coil of platinum wire heated by a voltaic current, and placed beneath the poles of Faraday's apparatus, occasioned a strong upward current of air; but directly the magnetic action commences the ascending current divides, and a descending current flows down between.
Monteith, of Glasgow, by pressing together many layers of silk with leaden plates perforated with holes; a solution of chlorine was then poured upon the upper plate, and pressure being applied it penetrated the whole mass in the direction of the holes, bleaching out the colour in its passage. The pieces of board may be squeezed together in any convenient way, either by weights, strong vulcanized india-rubber bands or screws, and when a strong solution of chlorine gas or of chloride of lime is poured into the hole and percolates through the cloth, the colour is removed, and the part is bleached almost instantaneously by first wetting the calico with a little weak acid, and then pouring on the solution of chloride of lime.
Now, suddenly turn the back of your left hand uppermost, and as your wrist moves in your right hand, stretch out the forefinger of your right hand, and as soon as the wood comes undermost, support it with such forefinger. Surrounding the sapwood is the bark. A solution of phosphate of ammonia with sal ammoniac answers much better. Light a stick, and whirl it round with a rapid motion, when its burning end will produce a complete circle of light, although that end can only be in one part of the circle at the same instant. You may now shake the hand, and, after a moment or two, suffer the wood to drop.
The pieces are dressed thin at both ends leaving about 1 ft. The strong india-rubber bands. The bleaching solution is poured into a.. Symbol, I; combining proportion, 127.1; specific gravity, 4.948.
It must not be heated enough to color it but just so that when you place your moistened finger to it it will sizzle; now put on the lacquer and this can be done by brushing the article over with a camel's hair brush or by dipping the article into the lacquer.
Take a piece of tracing-paper or any thin transparent paper, and place it over the pattern and make an exact copy; then rub a soft lead-pencil over the other side of the paper, turn the paper over with the blackened side down, and transfer the drawing six times upon a piece of lightweight cardboard. Draw this out upon a piece of cardboard, cut it out and fold along the dotted lines, then turn in the flaps and glue them to the dashboard and to the back. Then make another sleigh similar to the one just completed, for two are required for the merry-go-round. Put two quarts of vinegar and about ten quarts of water in a stone or crockery vessel, with four cloves of garlic, a handful of parsley, six cloves, four stalks of thyme, four bay-leaves, half a nutmeg grated, three or four carrots, and three or four onions sliced, a little salt, and two dozen pepper-corns.
Paint the sleighs green or yellow with trimmings of a lighter shade. Pattern for the Merry-go-round Sleighs. The Shafts upon which the horses and sleighs are mounted.
Cut a slit in each seat of the sleigh and stick the flaps on the girl riders in them. Stir and mix the whole well, and it is ready for use. In finishing with wax the following directions may be followed: Stain the wood, if a very dark finish is desired.
If the wood is coarse-grained, put on two coats of paste filler and rub it off carefully, that a smooth surface may be prepared. Allow the stain twelve hours in which to dry, also each coat of the filler. With a soft cloth apply as thin a coating of wax as can be and yet cover the wood.
Pieces of mutton, beef, pork, venison, and bear-meat, may be soaked in one of the above preparations from four to six days before cooking them. A piece of tough meat will be more tender and juicy after being soaked.
To cause the staff to open, grasp the handle tightly and "shoot" it out with its point towards the floor for a moment; this is a very important point, because if you are performing in a room you may, in the excitement of the moment, do someone a serious injury if you merely "shoot" out the flag towards the audience. The flagstaff should be of the kind known as "self-locking"; that is to say, when every joint is out the staff can immediately be raised to a vertical position without any fear that the staff will collapse; it will remain rigid until you wish to close it. Wipe the meat clean with a damp cloth. It is, however, a remarkable circumstance, that if you strike a magnet its magnetizing force will be either very much impaired, or altogether destroyed. Percussion and friction in the required position would seem, from this and preceding experiments, to be the chief means of magnetizing iron and steel. These operations, as it were, waken up the inert particles of the metal to admit new magnetism, or to develop that which already resides in it, originally derived from the earth.
This trick must be frequently practiced before it is produced in public. Wash the fruit very thoroughly. If it is first soaked for five minutes and then washed, it will clean more thoroughly. To each cupful of fruit add two cupfuls of water and let it soak for at least six hours. It is better if soaked ten hours. Add the sugar and bring all to a boil. Cut square fillets of bacon, which dredge in a mixture of chopped parsley, cives, salt, pepper, and a little allspice; lard the tongue with the fillets.
Put in a crockery stewpan two ounces of bacon cut in dice, four sprigs of parsley, two of thyme, one of sweet basil, two bay-leaves, a clove of garlic, two cloves, two carrots cut in pieces, four small onions, salt, and pepper; lay the tongue on the whole, wet with half a glass of white wine and a glass of broth; set on a moderate fire, and simmer about five hours—keep it well covered; then put the tongue on a dish, strain the sauce on it, and serve.
Only three pieces are required, and as they are simple in design, anyone can cut them out with a saw, plane and pocket knife. A good substitute for a shoe horn is a handkerchief or any piece of cloth used in the following way: Allow part of the handkerchief or cloth to enter the shoe, place the toe of the foot in the shoe so as to hold down the cloth, and by pulling up on the cloth so as to keep it taut around the heel the foot will slide into the shoe just as easily as if a shoe horn were used. In building a photographic dark room, it is necessary to make it perfectly light-tight, the best material to use being matched boards. These boards are tongued and grooved and when put together effectually prevent the entrance of light. Coat the lashings with glue after winding them, and the thread will hold its position better.
The cloth or paper bands should be fastened to each horizontal frame stick with two tacks placed near the edges of the bands.
The next important thing to be considered is to make it weather-tight, and as far as the sides are concerned the matched boards will do this also, but it is necessary to cover the roof with felt or water-proof paper. The best thickness for the boards is 1 in., but for cheapness 3/4 in. The dark room shown in the accompanying sketch measures 3 ft. The ends of the bridle should be brought together and tied at a distance of about 3 feet from the kite.
Of course, if you are performing with a borrowed pack of cards you will have to seize your opportunity to do this when the attention of the audience is directed to another trick, or you can do it before your performance begins.
Now, the train of reasoning in his mind might be of this kind:—"My body displaces 90 pounds of water; if I had an exact cast of it in lead, the same bulk. and weight. Elkington, the celebrated electro-platers of Birmingham. For convenience, the pan of one scale is suspended by shorter chains than the other, and should have a hook inserted in the middle; upon this is placed the crown, supported by very thin copper wire. The rule may now be worked out: Ounces.
When you take the glass with your left hand and try to balance it on the top of the card the back of the left hand is towards the audience and the hand nearly covers the whole of the card. How to Hold Upholstering Tack for Spinning. It was this fact that induced Professor Jacobi, of St. Petersburg, after a large expenditure of money, to abandon arrangements of this kind, and to employ such as would at once produce a rotatory motion. The engine thus arranged was tried upon a tolerably large scale on the Neva, and by it a boat containing ten or twelve people was propelled at the rate of three miles an hour.
Prepare as above, and serve either warm or cold with a cream-sauce. When prepared as above, place it on a dish, and keep it in a warm place.
Heat the pan and meat a little before putting it in the oven. Prepare and cook as directed, three pounds of cod; take the bones out, break in small pieces, and mash with the hand as much as possible; put it then in a stewpan, beat three yolks of eggs with two tablespoonfuls of cream, and mix with the cod; set on a slow fire, and immediately pour in, little by little, stirring the while, about one gill of sweet oil; simmer ten or twelve minutes, and serve with croutons around. Lay three pounds of cod on a dish, after being cooked as directed; keep it warm, spread a maître d'hôtel sauce on it, and serve.
Prepare about three pounds of cod as directed above. Drain away all fat from the pan, leaving the brown sediment. Lay the fish on a dish; have a piquante sauce ready, turn it over it, and serve with steamed potatoes all around the dish. For convenience, the pan of one scale is suspended by shorter chains than the other, and should have a hook inserted in the middle; upon this is placed the crown, supported by very thin copper wire. The rule may now be worked out: Ounces.
During the continuance of a total eclipse of the sun, we are permitted a hasty glance at some of those secrets of Nature which are not revealed at any other time—glories that hold in tremulous amazement even veteran explorers of the heavens and its starry worlds. This line, if lightly made, should be half planed off.
Dip the chops in melted butter, then in beaten eggs, and roll in bread-crumbs; fry them with a little butter. Fry the balls also. Place the chops on the dish, the bones toward the edge, and the balls between the chops; serve warm.
A few balls may be placed in the middle. They were charged like an ordinary Leyden battery. If the glass plate coated with tinfoil is charged, and then placed upright on a stand, it may be slowly discharged by placing a bent wire on the edge with the extremities covered with pith balls. The wire balances itself, and continues to oscillate with noise until the electricities of the two surfaces neutralize each other.
For the base board any piece of wood about a foot long, 5 in. For the upright standard you require a piece of wood about 9 in. The method of doing this will depend very largely on your degree of proficiency in the art of carpentry. The thumb-screw should be released so that the legs may be moved without much effort.
When the approximate setting has been secured, use the thumb-nut for adjusting to more accurate measurement.
Sometimes one is sharpened like a knife point. If you cannot attain to that, then perhaps you can make a hole just as large as the standard, and sink the standard in the base. Before you do this, however, there is something to be done to the other end. You must cut a slot 1/2 in. Pencil lines should be carefully made, however. The illuminator showing the tin reflector in it.
If you cannot get any proper weights, then it is not a very difficult matter to make some. The stand for holding the bromide paper.
Saw off the dowels to a length slightly less than the depth of the holes in the second piece. Trim off the sharp arrises. Glue the holes and the edge of the second board. Put the two members in the clamps and set away until the glue has had time to harden.
This illustration may be modified by using a heavy weight, rope, and stick, as shown in our sketch below. There is a feat, however, which does not require any very great strength, but is sufficiently startling to excite much surprise and some inquiry—viz., the one of cutting in half a broomstick supported at the ends on tumblers of water without spilling the water or cracking or otherwise damaging the glass supports. These and other feats are partly explained by reference to time: the force is so quickly applied and expended on the centre of the stick that it is not communicated to the supports; just as a bullet from a pistol may be sent through a pane of glass without shattering the whole square, but making a clean hole through it, or a candle may be sent through a plank, or a cannon-ball pass through a half opened door without causing it to move on its hinges.
But the success of the several feats depends in a great measure on the attention that is paid to the delivery of the blows at the centre of percussion. Next procure what is known as a wire connector.
It may be better understood by reference to our drawing below. Applying this principle to a model sword made of wood, cut in half in the centre of the blade, and then united with an elbow-joint, the handle being fixed to a board by a wire passed through it and the two upright pieces of wood, the fact is at once apparent, and is well shown in Nos. At this point the glass in the top appears clear which indicates that the granules slide off instead of sticking to the top. Proceed as follows: In 32 oz.
When the bichromate has all dissolved, add slowly, stirring constantly, 4 oz. Do not add the acid too quickly or the heat generated may break the vessel containing the solution.
When a blow is not delivered with a stick or sword at the centre of percussion, a peculiar jar, or what is familiarly spoken of as a stinging. The post to which a rope is attached. But if the obstacle were placed so as to be struck at a certain point nearer c., viz., at or about the little star, the tendency of each horse to move on would balance and neutralize the other, so that there would be no strain at a.. The little star indicates the centre of percussion.. All military men, and especially those young gentlemen who are intended for the army, should bear in mind this important truth during their sword-practice; and with one of Mr. Wilkinson's swords, made only of the very best steel, they may conquer in a chance combat which might otherwise have proved fatal to them.
Set it at once into the cooker for one hour. These parts are numbered from one to six in each quarter beginning at the outside corners and following in the same order in each quarter. Larger fish may be cooked in the same way if more water is used. Cut out one rectangle of each number with a sharp knife, distributing them over the whole card.
In similar fashion you can proceed to make all the different weights that you are likely to require, from 1/2 oz. While not very substantial, these little weights will last quite a long time, if they are handled with care. Engines of all sorts are always fascinating to boys and girls, and later on we shall describe some excellent ones.
The sketch shows an easily made, quick-working wood vise that has proved very satisfactory. The usual screw is replaced by an open bar held on one end by a wedge-shaped block, and the excess taken up on the other end by an eccentric lever. At this point we wish to describe what is possibly one of the simplest forms of engine known, and certainly one of the earliest.
For this a large empty match tray is required. Across the under side a short length of match stale is glued, to act as an axle for the two wheels.
These can be cut from either veneer or cardboard. A good plan is to cut out a circle in fairly stiff cardboard, and glue a covering of veneer on each side; this adds to the appearance of the wheel and makes it stiffer. If veneer alone is used, two circles must be cut out for each wheel, and glued together with the grain at right angles.
The wheels should be fixed in position with doll pins. The other piece with one hole is fastened to this piece to hold the ironing board in position. First buy one length of 3/4 by 1/8-in.
Drill all the horizontal pieces, B, first and then mark the holes on the upright pieces, A, through the holes already drilled, thus making all the holes coincide. Fasten together the members of the bays, also the inside partitions, with glue and brads. These bands should project about ¼ inch below the bottoms of these boxes, so as to set down over the boxes beneath. For the tilt a piece of veneer bent over and glued to the inner sides of the match box will do quite well.
Both philosophers returned safely to the earth. " Sheldon—gas balloon. " Harris—gas balloon—killed.. If the two were hanging near each other, as pendulums, they would approach and meet, but the little one would perform more of the journey in proportion to its littleness. Cocking—parachute from gas balloon—killed..
Godard—Montgolfier balloon fell into and extricated from the Seine. A pounded steak may appear or taste more tender to a person not knowing or never having tasted a good steak, but an experienced palate cannot be deceived. Par fer Cesar jadis devint si grand prince.
Proceed as with carrots in every particular. It is always made with turnip-rooted celery. In the earlier receiving instruments a coherer was used, consisting of a glass tube about 1/8-in. This receiver was difficult of adjustment and slow in transmission. An instrument much less complicated and inexpensive and which will work well can be made thus: Take a 5-cp.
This can be done by giving the glass tip or point a quick blow with a file or other thin edged piece of metal. Make a solution of 1 part sulphuric acid.
Clean the celery well, wash and cut it in pieces, and prepare as purée of carrots, adding a teaspoonful of sugar. Separate the branches, and throw them in boiling water and salt; boil two minutes and drain. The tuning is done by sliding the contact piece, which is made of light copper wire, along the convolutions of the tuning coil until you can hear the signals. The signals are heard in a telephone receiver, which is shown connected in shunt across the binding posts of the lamp holder with one or two cells of dry battery in circuit, Fig.7.
